安史之乱后南宗禅迅速发展的原因探析

发布时间：2018-06-23 03:55

本文选题：南宗禅 + 迅速发展　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以安史之乱为时间分割点,通过对《坛经》不同版本和禅宗史料典籍的分析研究,在前人研究的基础上,采用宗教学、历史学、哲学等研究方法对安史之乱后南宗禅的迅速发展进行原因分析。本文主要从四个方面加以分析。首先是社会政治原因。安史之乱影响了南北宗力量的对比,由于南宗禅在之前传法仅限于岭南一带,所以从遭受打击的地理位置而言,受安史之乱破坏的影响很小,而在北方依赖政治的北宗禅遭受打击非常大;也同样由于安史之乱的爆发为神会等禅师向北传法提供了时代前提,安史之乱成为神会等禅师崛起的契机。其次是神会等禅师的奋争。他们成为南宗禅迅速发展的强大推动力,慧能一系的宗门后劲由此显现,如果没有他们的奋争,再高明的理论也难以彰显和推广,所以南宗禅的迅速发展离不开南宗禅宗门的后劲。再次,就是南宗禅思想体系的适应性。作为一种理论,在慧能时代仅限于岭南传播,不仅是由于慧能个人传法地域之限,更在于这种理论与盛唐物质的繁盛、文化的丰富等因素有所违背。安史之乱后,南宗禅在理论和修行方法上的优越性得以显现,其“即心即佛”的佛性观、“顿悟成佛”的修行观和“不加外求”的解脱观迎合了遭受战乱之苦人们的心理。该理论体系实质上是把中国传统哲学中的儒道思想融入佛教,把佛教哲学进一步中国化和世俗化,摆脱了繁琐的修证过程和对经论词句的解释,这些成为南宗禅深入民间的理论基础。最后是居士佛教的繁荣和推崇。南宗禅要想大范围的传播,首先是赢得王室在政治上的认可,尽管统治者对宗教的取舍带有一定的目的,但是南宗禅在取得正统地位之后确实是得到了王室及朝廷官员的支持和推广,又由于他们不是僧侣阶层,所以本文把这些人士纳入了居士之列;迫于现实矛盾中求生存的需要和文化上的追求,文人士大夫居士也表现出对南宗禅极大的推崇,维护和发展了南宗禅;最为典型的居士是纯粹居士,他们不同于王室居士和文人士大夫居士,他们更多的是身体力行使教理得以实践和宣传。中唐以后南宗禅的影响深入社会各个阶层,这些专业化居士发挥了有效的社会宣传作用。作为研究的创新点,本文试图从对其原因分析中,对这一历史现象进行全面、清晰、客观的梳理;提出的一些思考以期为佛教的良性发展提供些许参考。尤其是对居士佛教的挖掘,有助于我们今天和谐社会的构建。
[Abstract]:This article takes the Anshi Rebellion as the time division point, through the analysis and research to the different versions of the Tan Jing and the Zen historical materials, on the basis of the previous research, adopts the religion, the history, Philosophy and other research methods to analyze the rapid development of Nanzong Zen after the Anshi Rebellion. This article mainly analyzes from four aspects. The first is social and political reasons. The Anshi Rebellion affected the contrast of the forces of the North and the South. Because the Southern Zen Buddhism was limited to the Lingnan area before, the impact of the Anshi Rebellion on the geographical location of the attack was very small. The Beizong Zen, which depends on politics in the north, suffered a great blow, and also because the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion provided the premise of the times for the Buddhist monk to pass the Dharma to the north, the Anshi Rebellion became the opportunity for the rise of the Zen Master. Second, God will wait for the struggle of the Zen master. They became a powerful driving force for the rapid development of Nanzong Zen, and the Zong door stamina of Huineng was thus revealed. Without their struggle, it would be difficult for any brilliant theory to be demonstrated and popularized. Therefore, the rapid development of Nanzong Zen cannot be separated from the stamina of Nanzong Zen. Thirdly, it is the adaptability of Nanzong Zen thought system. As a kind of theory, in the period of Huineng, it was limited to Lingnan communication, not only because of the limitation of Huineng's personal transmission, but also because of the fact that the theory was contrary to the prosperity of material and the enrichment of culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the Anshi Rebellion, the superiority of Nanzong Zen in the theory and method of practice was revealed, and the Buddha nature view of "mind is Buddha", the practice view of "Insight into Buddha" and the view of liberation from "not seeking outside" catered to the psychology of people suffering from the conflict of war. In essence, the theoretical system is to integrate Confucianism and Taoism in traditional Chinese philosophy into Buddhism, to further the localization and secularization of Buddhist philosophy, and to get rid of the cumbersome process of practice and interpretation of words and phrases. These become the theoretical basis of the Nanzong Zen deep into the folk. Finally, the prosperity and worship of Buddhism. In order to spread widely, the first thing Nanzong Zen wanted to spread was to win the royal family's political approval, although the rulers' choice of religion had a certain purpose. However, Nanzong Zen really got the support and promotion of the royal family and court officials after gaining the orthodox status, and because they were not monks, this article included these people into the list of residents. Forced by the need of survival and the pursuit of culture in the realistic contradiction, the literati and bureaucrats also showed great respect for the Nanzong Zen, and maintained and developed the Nanzong Zen, the most typical of which was the pure scholar. They are different from the royals and literati and officials, they are more practical practice and propaganda. After the middle Tang Dynasty, the influence of Nanzong Zen went deep into all social strata, which played an effective role in social propaganda. As the innovation of the research, this paper tries to make a comprehensive, clear and objective combing of this historical phenomenon from the analysis of its causes, and puts forward some thoughts in order to provide some references for the benign development of Buddhism. In particular, the excavation of Buddhism is conducive to the construction of a harmonious society today.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：B948

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