汉晋道教定期斋戒与佛教布萨制度关系论考

发布时间：2018-06-28 08:00

本文选题：汉晋道教 + 定期斋戒　；参考：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：早期道教定期斋戒与印度佛教布萨制度的关系,是数十年来道教仪式史和佛道关系史研究最有代表性的问题之一。多数研究者都强调是道教模拟仿效了佛教。近年来更有一种颇有代表性的观点,认为道教所有定期斋戒制度,均开始于公元400年出世的《元始五老赤书玉篇真文天书经》。而这部古灵宝经的定期斋戒,则又直接源于对公元397年翻译的佛经《增一阿含经》中每月"六布萨"制度的模仿。汉晋道教定期斋戒制度的真正来源其实是先秦秦汉国家祭祀制度和礼俗中的斋戒。早期印度佛教出家僧尼的"布萨法",与中国佛教在家信徒所遵循的"月六斋",其实是两种差别极大的宗教制度。然而,由于六朝隋唐部分汉译佛经往往将二者完全相提并论,致使二者的含义和界线都变得模糊不清,并因此长期影响了中外学术界的相关认识。在对早期佛教"布萨"制度和"月六斋"制度进行追根溯源的基础上,提出本土佛教"月六斋"等定期斋戒制度的确立,既是其直接模拟仿效汉晋道教定期斋戒制度的结果,也是印度佛教"中国化"最典型的表现形式之一。
[Abstract]:The relationship between the early Taoism regular fasting and the Buddhist Busa system in India is one of the most representative issues in the history of Taoist rituals and Buddhist relations in recent decades. Most researchers stress that Taoist simulations emulate Buddhism. In recent years, there is a representative view that all the regular fasting system of Taoism began in 400 AD, "the five Old Red Book of the Yuan Dynasty". The regular fasting of the ancient Lingbao Sutra is directly derived from the imitation of the monthly "six Buthas" system in the Buddhist Sutra, Ada Ham Sutra, translated in 397 AD. The real source of the regular fasting system of Han and Jin Taoism is actually the fasting in the state sacrifice system and customs of the pre Qin, Qin and Han dynasties. The Boza method of the early Indian Buddhist monks and nuns is in fact two very different religious systems from the six months of the month and the Zhai which Chinese Buddhism adherents to at home. However, due to the fact that part of the Buddhist scriptures in the Sui and Tang dynasties of the six dynasties are often compared completely, the meanings and boundaries of the two become blurred, which has long influenced the related understanding of Chinese and foreign academic circles. On the basis of tracing back to the origin of the early Buddhist system of "Busa" and "Yue Liu Zhai", this paper puts forward that the establishment of the regular fasting system of local Buddhism, such as "Yue Liu Zhai", is the result of its direct imitation of the regular fasting system of Taoism in the Han and Jin dynasties. It is also one of the most typical manifestations of Indian Buddhism "Sinicization".
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重点项目“古灵宝经与中古道教经教体系研究”(13JHQ006)
【分类号】：B953;B948

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