山西煤窑神——“老君爷”

发布时间：2018-07-04 14:10

本文选题：“老君爷” + 行业神　；参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在中国,各行各业几乎都有自己的行业保护神,煤炭行业也有自己的保护神,“老君爷”就是其中之一。“老君爷”崇拜包括了很多祭祀活动,主要有:日常祭祀、节日祭祀、生日祭祀、开窑祭祀、复工祭祀等。但是最具代表性的,是每年农历腊月十八日的“老君爷生日祭祀”。笔者通过对山西省左权县煤窑的实地考察,尤其通过对“老君爷”的生日祭祀进行的实地考察后,总结认为“老君爷”的原型即是“太上老君”,但是他又不是完全的道教神,他具有浓重的民间特色,乃是“太上老君”和“煤窑神”的结合体。中国的煤炭资源丰富,中国人民对其进行开采利用也很早,其中山西地区更是中国煤炭行业的典型代表。山西人民在长期的煤炭开采、使用过程中,积累了丰富的经验,同时也付出了惨痛的代价——夺走了成千上万的矿工的生命。在这得与失之间,人们逐渐找到了一个平衡点,那就是“煤窑神”崇拜,并进行相应的供奉活动与祭祀活动。 “太上老君”作为道教的最高神,知名度高,辈份大,地位高,有利于提升煤炭业的知名度和行业地位;“太上老君”法力高强,能够更好地保佑从业者的安全;有了“太上老君”作为旗帜,就能产生号召力和凝聚力,也产生威慑力,易于团结和约束同行;另外,道教这一制度化宗教对民间信仰有强大的影响力和渗透力。由于上述原因,山西左权的矿工们奉“太上老君”为煤窑神,并亲切地称之为“老君爷”。宗教是社会大系统的子系统之一,民间信仰又是中国宗教的一个重要组成部分,也是中国人精神生活的一个组成部分,而煤窑神崇拜是民间信仰的具体表现。因此,煤窑神崇拜也是产煤区社会结构中的一个子系统。以此类推,“老君爷”崇拜是山西左权县的一个社会子系统,它有其独特的社会功能,包括解释功能、心理抚慰功能、社会整合功能、社会控制功能等。
[Abstract]:In China, almost all industries have their own industry god, coal industry has its own protection god, "Lord" is one of them. The worship of "Lord of the Lord" includes many sacrificial activities, such as daily sacrifice, festival sacrifice, birthday sacrifice, kiln worship, rework sacrifice and so on. But the most representative is the lunar month of the 18 th lunar month, the "Lord's birthday sacrifice." Through the field investigation of the coal kiln in Zuoquan County, Shanxi Province, and especially through the field investigation on the birthday sacrifice of the "Lord of the Lord", the author concludes that the prototype of the "Master of the Lord" is the "Taishanglaojun", but he is not a complete Taoist god. He has strong folk characteristics, is the combination of "Taishang Laojun" and "God of Coal Kiln." China is rich in coal resources and its mining and utilization is very early. Shanxi is a typical representative of China's coal industry. The people of Shanxi have accumulated rich experience in the long term coal mining and have also paid a heavy price-taking the lives of thousands of miners. Between gain and loss, people gradually found a balance point, that is, "coal god" worship, and the corresponding worship activities and sacrificial activities. As the highest god of Taoism, Taichang Laojun has a high reputation, a large generation and a high status, which is conducive to the promotion of the reputation and status of the coal industry, and the strong mannerism of "Taichang Laojun", which can better protect the safety of practitioners. With the banner of "Taishang Laojun", it can produce appeal and cohesion, as well as deterrent power, and it is easy to unite and restrain colleagues. In addition, Taoism, as an institutionalized religion, has strong influence and penetration on folk beliefs. For these reasons, the miners of Zuo Quan in Shanxi regard the "Taichang Laojun" as the god of the coal kiln, and call it the "Lord of the Lord". Religion is one of the subsystems of social system, folk belief is an important part of Chinese religion, it is also an integral part of Chinese spiritual life, and worship of God in coal kiln is the concrete manifestation of folk belief. Therefore, the worship of God in coal mines is also a subsystem in the social structure of coal-producing areas. By analogy, the worship of "Lord of the Lord" is a social subsystem in Zuoquan County, Shanxi Province. It has its unique social functions, including explanation function, psychological comfort function, social integration function, social control function and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B933

【引证文献】