中国佛教早期判教理论述评
发布时间：2018-08-12 17:57
【摘要】：“判教”是中国佛教特有的理论形式，它是通过对印度佛教各种思想和理论学说体系的分析，按照佛说法的先后或教义的深浅来进行判释，区分高下，是中国佛教对印度佛教的反思、批评和总结。中国佛教从事判教理论是将印度近千年的发展历史“浓缩”、归结到释伽牟尼一生80年的说法实践当中，或依时间来对佛法进行判释，或依义理从事判释，因而时间(历史)和教理(逻辑)的矛盾贯穿于中国佛教判教理论的始终，也由此构成中国佛教判教以“时”判教和以“理”判教两大体系；同时，也存在着将“时”和“理”相统一的各种判教学说；但无论以”时“判教”还是以“理”判教，中国佛教的判教理论都强调众生的“根机”，“根机”又成为中国佛教判教两大体系的连接环节。 中国佛教判教理论的发展分为三个逻辑阶段，即南北朝时学派时期的初期判教理论，它对当时相继译出的不同思想体系的佛教经典予以判释，以“时”判为中心，判教理论同学派学说之间的内在逻辑关联不强，是中国佛教判教理论的起点和基础；第二阶段是以隋唐和宋代为代表，余音及至明清的判教理论，这是中国佛教判教理论的成熟时期，这个阶段的判教理论既重视以“时”判教，更重视教义、经典本身和佛教价值体系的评判，在天台宗、华严宗那里，表现出判教和宗派教理相一致的自觉学术努力，致力于将判教理论同自身学说的内在统一，从而使判教成为中国化佛教理论体系的内在组成部分，判教成为中国化佛教得以建立的前提和基础。此时的中国佛教的三阶教、净土宗和禅宗都出现了依据印度佛教经典将判教理论简约化，使之直接成为自宗学说体系逻辑展开的前提。第三个阶段是现、当代中国佛教判教理论，它是在中国传统判教理论的基础上，将判教的视野扩展到中国佛教在整个佛教文化圈中的地位和影响以及佛教理论在整个人类文化、文明圈中的地位和作用。此时的判教理论已远远超出了传统判教理论的范围，，是传统判教理论在今日世界的继承和发扬光大。 本文运用历史和逻辑相统一的方法，以中国佛教早期判教理论的发展线索为主线，分别考察了判教理论的产生背景、南北朝个学派的判教理论、三论宗创始人吉藏、天台宗创始人智榃和唯识宗的判教理论，对于中国佛教判教第二阶段其它判教理论和第三阶段的判相理论也略加涉及。
[Abstract]:"Destiny" is a unique theoretical form of Chinese Buddhism. It is based on the analysis of various thoughts and theoretical systems of Indian Buddhism, according to the sequence of Buddhist theories or the depth of their teachings, to distinguish between higher and lower levels. It is the reflection, criticism and summary of Chinese Buddhism to Indian Buddhism. The theory of Chinese Buddhism engaging in teaching is to "concentrate" India's history of development in the last thousand years, which is attributed to the practice of interpreting Gamani's life for 80 years, or to the interpretation of Buddhism in accordance with time, or to the interpretation of Buddhism in accordance with justice. Therefore, the contradiction between time (history) and doctrine (logic) runs through the whole of the theory of Chinese Buddhist teaching, and thus constitutes the two major systems of Chinese Buddhism's judgment of teaching "time" and "reason"; at the same time, There are also various kinds of teaching theories that unify "time" and "reason". However, whether by "time" or "reason", the Chinese Buddhist theory of judgment emphasizes the "root and opportunity" of all living beings. "Root Machine" has become the link between the two systems of Chinese Buddhism. The development of Chinese Buddhist doctrine of teaching is divided into three logical stages, that is, the early period of the Northern and Southern dynasties, in which the Buddhist classics of different thought systems were interpreted and interpreted, with "Shi" as the center. The internal logical connection between the theory of school of classmates is not strong, which is the starting point and foundation of the theory of Chinese Buddhism. The second stage is represented by the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, the Yu Yin and the Ming and Qing dynasties. This is the mature period of the Chinese Buddhist doctrine of subordination. This stage of the theory of judgment not only attaches importance to the "time" judgment, but also attaches more importance to the judgment of the doctrine, the scriptures themselves and the Buddhist value system, where the Tiantai sect and the Huayen sect are living. It shows the conscious academic efforts of consonant with sectarian doctrine, and devotes itself to unifying the theory of judgment with its own, so that it becomes an internal part of the theoretical system of Sinicization Buddhism. Subpoena became the premise and foundation for the establishment of Sinicized Buddhism. At this time, the three classes of Chinese Buddhism, the Pure Land Zong He Zen appeared according to the Indian Buddhist Classics to simplify the theory of judgment, making it a direct premise for the logical development of the system of self-Buddhism. The third stage is the present, contemporary Chinese Buddhist theory of subordination, which is based on the traditional Chinese theory of subordination, which extends the perspective of subordination to the position and influence of Chinese Buddhism in the whole Buddhist cultural circle and the Buddhist theory in the whole human culture. The position and role in the circle of civilization. At this time, the theory of teaching has gone far beyond the scope of traditional theory of judgment, which is the inheritance and development of traditional theory of judgment in today's world. Using the method of unifying history and logic, taking the clue of the development of early Chinese Buddhism judgment theory as the main line, this paper examines the background of the theory, the theories of the Southern and Northern dynasties schools, the three theories of the founder of Buddhism, Ji Zang. The second stage of Chinese Buddhism and the third stage of the theory of judgment are also involved in the theory of judgment of the founder of Tiantai Zong.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：B948
本文编号：2179846
[Abstract]:"Destiny" is a unique theoretical form of Chinese Buddhism. It is based on the analysis of various thoughts and theoretical systems of Indian Buddhism, according to the sequence of Buddhist theories or the depth of their teachings, to distinguish between higher and lower levels. It is the reflection, criticism and summary of Chinese Buddhism to Indian Buddhism. The theory of Chinese Buddhism engaging in teaching is to "concentrate" India's history of development in the last thousand years, which is attributed to the practice of interpreting Gamani's life for 80 years, or to the interpretation of Buddhism in accordance with time, or to the interpretation of Buddhism in accordance with justice. Therefore, the contradiction between time (history) and doctrine (logic) runs through the whole of the theory of Chinese Buddhist teaching, and thus constitutes the two major systems of Chinese Buddhism's judgment of teaching "time" and "reason"; at the same time, There are also various kinds of teaching theories that unify "time" and "reason". However, whether by "time" or "reason", the Chinese Buddhist theory of judgment emphasizes the "root and opportunity" of all living beings. "Root Machine" has become the link between the two systems of Chinese Buddhism. The development of Chinese Buddhist doctrine of teaching is divided into three logical stages, that is, the early period of the Northern and Southern dynasties, in which the Buddhist classics of different thought systems were interpreted and interpreted, with "Shi" as the center. The internal logical connection between the theory of school of classmates is not strong, which is the starting point and foundation of the theory of Chinese Buddhism. The second stage is represented by the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, the Yu Yin and the Ming and Qing dynasties. This is the mature period of the Chinese Buddhist doctrine of subordination. This stage of the theory of judgment not only attaches importance to the "time" judgment, but also attaches more importance to the judgment of the doctrine, the scriptures themselves and the Buddhist value system, where the Tiantai sect and the Huayen sect are living. It shows the conscious academic efforts of consonant with sectarian doctrine, and devotes itself to unifying the theory of judgment with its own, so that it becomes an internal part of the theoretical system of Sinicization Buddhism. Subpoena became the premise and foundation for the establishment of Sinicized Buddhism. At this time, the three classes of Chinese Buddhism, the Pure Land Zong He Zen appeared according to the Indian Buddhist Classics to simplify the theory of judgment, making it a direct premise for the logical development of the system of self-Buddhism. The third stage is the present, contemporary Chinese Buddhist theory of subordination, which is based on the traditional Chinese theory of subordination, which extends the perspective of subordination to the position and influence of Chinese Buddhism in the whole Buddhist cultural circle and the Buddhist theory in the whole human culture. The position and role in the circle of civilization. At this time, the theory of teaching has gone far beyond the scope of traditional theory of judgment, which is the inheritance and development of traditional theory of judgment in today's world. Using the method of unifying history and logic, taking the clue of the development of early Chinese Buddhism judgment theory as the main line, this paper examines the background of the theory, the theories of the Southern and Northern dynasties schools, the three theories of the founder of Buddhism, Ji Zang. The second stage of Chinese Buddhism and the third stage of the theory of judgment are also involved in the theory of judgment of the founder of Tiantai Zong.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：B948
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 何杰峰;藏传佛教判教研究[D];中央民族大学;2011年
本文编号：2179846
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