汉唐间净土信仰研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 08:11

【摘要】： 净土思想渊源于印度。部派佛教时期,佛陀逐渐被神话,产生出许多本生故事。大乘佛教时期,汇成种种净土思潮,弥陀净土在其中涌现出来,成为这股思潮的总结和高峰。两汉之际,有关净土的观念随着佛教的东来而传入中国。两晋时期,中土已开始有净土信仰者出现。南北朝时期,净土信仰渗透到社会的各个阶层,人们为了实现信仰,非常重视以造像为形式的积累功德的实践活动,同时还有抄诵经典、称念佛名等其它修持方法。北朝的昙鸾首次比较系统地注释、论证了弥陀净土,初步建立起了弥陀净土的教义体系,为此后净土宗的创立及民众化奠定了基础,从而把印度的净土信仰改造为中国的净土学说,实为净土宗的奠基者。隋唐时期,中国佛教各个宗派纷纷创立,大批名僧在阐述其所信仰宗派教旨的同时,也对净土理论进行了探究。同时也有一些争论,如往生净土究竟是否可能?净土的性质如何?哪些人可以生于净土?这一方面反映了净土学说的活跃和理论的深化,另一方面又反映出净土教义的统一已势在必行。而这个任务主要是由道绰和善导两位大师来完成的。他们在相关论著中对净土宗的判教体系、净土的性质、往生净土的主要途径和净土往生者的身份等问题作了全面阐述,使得净土信仰具有了真正的宗教形态。不过净土宗始终缺乏一套严密的传承体系,所以被命名为“寓宗”。这一时期,净土信仰的世俗化程度也在不断加深。而且称名念佛成为往生净土最主要的修行方法。它深入到社会各个阶层,对帝王公卿、文人学士、走卒皂隶、百姓布衣等信众的思想、生活、行为等都产生了深刻影响。
[Abstract]:The thought of Pure Land originated in India. During the period of Taoist Buddhism, the Buddha was gradually mythical and produced many stories of his own life. During the Mahayana Buddhism period, various pure land thoughts were formed, in which Maituo Pure Land emerged and became the summary and peak of this trend of thought. During the Han Dynasty, the concept of Pure Land was introduced into China with the arrival of Buddhism. In the period of Jin Dynasty, the Pure Land believers began to appear in the Middle Land. In the Northern and Southern dynasties, the Pure Land belief infiltrated into all strata of the society. In order to realize the belief, people attached great importance to the accumulation of merit in the form of statues. At the same time, they also copied the classics, called chanting Buddhist names and other methods of practice. For the first time, Yuluan of the Northern Dynasty systematically annotated and demonstrated the Maituo Pure Land, and initially established the doctrine system of Maituo Pure Land, which laid the foundation for the establishment and popularization of the Pure Land sect. Therefore, the Pure Land belief of India was transformed into the Pure Land Theory of China, which was the founder of Pure Land sect. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese Buddhist sects were founded one after another. A large number of famous monks expounded their religious tenets and also explored the theory of Pure Land. At the same time, there are some arguments, such as the death of the Pure Land is really possible? What is the nature of the Pure Land? Who can be born in Pure Land? On the one hand, it reflects the activity and deepening of the theory of the Pure Land, on the other hand, the unity of the doctrine of the Pure Land is imperative. And this task is mainly accomplished by the two masters of Tao Chuo and Charity. In their related works, they have made a comprehensive exposition on the system of teaching of the Pure Land sect, the nature of the Pure Land, the main ways of dying Pure Land and the identity of the Pure Land deceased, so that the Pure Land belief has a true religious form. However, the Pure Land sect always lacked a strict inheritance system, so it was named "Yu Zong". During this period, the secularization of the Pure Land belief also deepened. And the name chanting Buddha became the most important method of spiritual practice in the Pure Land. It goes deep into all social strata and has a profound influence on the thought, life and behavior of monarchs, literati, pawns, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：B948

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