论基督教的历史哲学

发布时间：2019-02-27 08:58

【摘要】： 要谈及基督教的历史哲学,必然要从《圣经》和奥古斯丁的《上帝之城》说起。汉斯·昆(Hans Kung)认为：“在奥古斯丁之前的古代,既没有历史哲学,也没有历史神学。”①这一评价是公允的。在奥古斯丁《上帝之城》以及鲍修哀《世界通史》之后,目前还未出现过一套完整系统的基督教历史哲学。罗马城洗劫以后,奥古斯丁开始思考历史中的罪恶问题。文章从古希腊哲学的循环理论开始说起,加入犹太教—基督教的传统,从而天意论取代了循环论。可以说,西方文明的思想来自于“两希”文明。第一章从历史的起源即人类历史的起源解释,比较了以柏拉图主义为代表的希腊哲学和奥古斯丁的时间观,基督教改变了古希腊的“循环”的时间观。奥古斯丁也在反驳异教徒的基础上提出上帝之城与尘世之城的起源：善良天使和邪恶天使之间的分离。第二章从创新的历史、平民的历史和参与者的历史三个部分解释了历史的成长和进程。在基督信仰中,耶稣的恩典行动是一次性的、不可重复的,是独特的、彻底的、终极的和最后的。而不是老调重弹式的。基督信仰要求人们不断地“观察时代的记号”,意识到自己生命的有限性。对时间要负责任,要善用每一天,而又要将自己的时间托付于上帝的手里,在“祈祷”和“默想”中作反省和回顾。第三章解释了历史的目的。基督宗教提出了天意论,抛弃了古代的悲观主义。奥古斯丁讨论了上帝之城与尘世之城的目的,奥古斯丁考察了过去哲学家关于至善的观点,以及它们为自己今生幸福而做出徒劳无益的努力。在反对和驳斥那些观点的同时,他说明和平与幸福从过去到现在一直到未来属于上帝之城,或属于基督的子民。千余年之后,法国哲学家鲍修哀从天意论为切入点对奥古斯丁的思想做了充分的发挥,他认为国家的兴衰是由神意所决定的。别尔嘉耶夫则从末世论的角度讨论基督教世界必定是一个恩典的历史,人类历史需要一个救世主。最后,对基督教的历史哲学作了个总结,基督教认为,世界历史是有意义和价值的活动。基督教历史哲学对当今时代的影响是不可忽视的,现今人们的“历史”意识都是从基督教哲学的历史观那里得到借鉴和启示的。
[Abstract]:To speak of Christian philosophy of history, we must start with the Bible and Augustine's City of God. Hans Kun (Hans Kung) believes: "in ancient times before Augustine, there was neither historical philosophy nor historical theology." [1] this assessment was fair. After Augustine and the General History of the World, there is no complete and systematic philosophy of Christian history. After the looting of Rome, Augustine began to think about the evils of history. This article begins with the circulation theory of ancient Greek philosophy, and joins the tradition of Judaism-Christianity, which replaces the theory of circulation. It can be said that the thought of western civilization comes from the civilization of "two Hsien". The first chapter compares the Greek philosophy represented by Platonism and Augustine's view of time from the origin of history, that is, the origin of human history. Christianity has changed the "cycle" view of time in ancient Greece. Augustine also raised the origin of the city of God and the city of earth on the basis of the rebuttal of the pagan: the separation of good and evil angels. The second chapter explains the growth and process of history from three parts: the history of innovation, the history of civilians and the history of participants. In Christ's faith, Jesus' actions of grace are one-off, non-repeatable, unique, thorough, ultimate and final. It's not the old-fashioned replay. Christian faith requires people to constantly "observe the signs of the times" and realize the limits of their lives. Be responsible for time, make good use of each day, and trust your time in God's hands, reflecting and reviewing in "prayer" and "meditation". The third chapter explains the purpose of history. The Christian religion put forward the theory of heaven and abandoned the pessimism of ancient times. Augustine discussed the purpose of the City of God and the City of the Earth. Augustine examined the views of past philosophers on the best and their futile efforts for the well-being of their own life. While opposing and refuting those views, he stated that peace and happiness belonged to the City of God, or to the people of Christ, from the past to the present and to the future. More than a thousand years later, the French philosopher Borschuere gave full play to Augustine's ideas from the point of view of providence, and he believed that the rise and fall of the country were determined by the will of God. Bergiev discussed the Christian world from the eschatological point of view that the Christian world must be a history of grace, and human history needed a savior. Finally, the historical philosophy of Christianity is summarized. Christianity believes that world history is a meaningful and valuable activity. The influence of Christian philosophy of history on modern times can not be ignored. Nowadays, people's consciousness of "history" can be used for reference and enlightened from the view of history of Christian philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B978

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