道教人学研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 12:48

【摘要】：本文第一次对道教有关人的认识进行了全面而系统的梳理,勾画出了一套完整的道教人学思想体系,为对道教有关人的认识的理解和把握,同时也为对整个道教思想的理解和把握提供了一套全新的思路。文章认为,道教在本质上是把人看成是形、气、神或命与性的统一体。在对人的基本结构的认识上,道教通过形气神理论和性命理论以及脏腑经络理论从而完成对人的纵横各部分及其相互关系的完整把握。在对人生历程的认识上道教提出了一套从先天一气到胎儿、婴儿、孩儿、成年并最终死亡成鬼或修道成仙的完整过程的理论。在对人生特性和人生价值观的认识上,道教认为,人生存在生难永恒性、形体滞碍性、苦痛常伴性、祸福无常性等一系列的有限性和局限性,而人要从根本上摆脱这些有限性和局限性惟有修道以成神仙。人修道成仙只能在今生完成,因为人的生命只有一次,所以生命对人来说具有绝对性,故贵生养生、修道成仙,使生命永恒,是人生最有价值的事情。对于如何养生修道,道教提出了一系列的原则和方法。道教修道的基本原则有六个,即:积善修德;敬奉神仙,遵行斋醮;爱气尊神重精;性命双修;虚静无为;后天返先天。至于修道的具体方法,则包括服食、守一、导引、存思、房中、调摄、外丹、内丹等多种,其中早期最重外丹,中后期则以内丹修炼为主,且内丹方法也是最符合道教有关人的认识逻辑的修道方法。文章在论述了道教人学的基本内容后,还对道教的人学观与儒家和佛教的人学观进行了比较,指出了它们在有关人的认识上的异和同。文章在最后总结了道教人学的基本特点,分析了道教人学思想存在的内在矛盾,同时还阐述了道教人学思想对当今社会的意义和价值。
[Abstract]:For the first time, this paper combs the understanding of Taoist people comprehensively and systematically, outlines a set of complete Taoist humanistic thought system, and provides a set of new ideas for the understanding and grasp of Taoist related people, as well as for the understanding and grasp of the whole Taoist thought. The article holds that Taoism essentially regards man as the unity of form, gas, God or life and sex. In the understanding of the basic structure of human beings, Taoism completes the complete grasp of the vertical and horizontal parts of human beings and their relationship through the theory of form, qi and spirit, the theory of life and the theory of Zang-fu meridians and collaterals. In the understanding of the course of life, Taoism put forward a set of complete processes from birth to fetus, baby, child, adulthood and eventually death into ghosts or immortals. In the understanding of the characteristics and values of life, Taoism believes that there are a series of limitations and limitations in life, such as impermanence, physical stagnation, pain, misfortune and so on, and people should fundamentally get rid of these limitations and limitations only by practicing the Tao to become immortals. The cultivation of Tao into immortals can only be completed in this life, because human life is only once, so life is absolute to human beings, so it is the most valuable thing in life to keep you healthy, practice Tao into immortals and make life eternal. Taoism puts forward a series of principles and methods for how to maintain health and practice. There are six basic principles of Taoist spiritual practice, that is, to accumulate good moral practice, to worship immortals, to observe jiao, to love spirit, to respect God, to practice both lives, to do nothing, and to return to birth after tomorrow. As for the specific methods of Taoist practice, they include feeding, observing, guiding, thinking, house, photo, external Dan, internal Dan and so on, among which the early stage is the heaviest, and the middle and late stage is mainly based on the practice of inner Dan, and the inner Dan method is also the most in line with the cognitive logic of Taoist people. After discussing the basic contents of Taoist humanism, this paper also compares the Taoist view of humanism with that of Confucianism and Buddhism, and points out their differences and similarities in the understanding of the people concerned. At the end of the paper, the paper summarizes the basic characteristics of Taoist humanism, analyzes the internal contradictions existing in Taoist humanist thought, and also expounds the significance and value of Taoist humanist thought to today's society.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：B95

【共引文献】