道教咒术中的时间、空间及主客体观念

发布时间：2019-06-24 23:58

【摘要】： 道教以符咒之术而闻名于世，符咒被广泛应用于祈禳治病、修道济世等，是道教徒实现其宗教理想的重要手段之一。目前学界对道教符咒的研究尚处于起步阶段。较为重要的著作有卿希泰、詹石窗教授主编的《道教文化新典》中巳编“符咒”，对道教符咒的历史演变、哲学思想、文学价值、文化影响和现代启示作了深入的探讨。张泽洪教授的《道教斋醮符咒仪式》，对道教斋醮仪式的源流、影响、坛仪格式、宗教思想及宗教功能作了精辟的论述。另外，，一些研究中国巫术的专著也涉及到了道教符咒。诸如[韩]文镛盛的《中国古代社会的巫觋》，胡新生的《中国古代巫术》，宋兆麟的《巫与巫术》，张紫晨的《中国巫术》，梁钊韬的《中国古代巫术——宗教的起源和发展》等。在论文方面，较为重要的有李远国教授的《道教咒术初探》，该文对道教咒术的形成、内涵、特征、功用及文化要素作了详尽的论述。刘仲宇教授的《试论道教咒语的起源和特点》探讨了道教咒语和原始文化的关系、道教咒语的特点及其文化意义，并对道教咒语的结构及用法进行了论述。但总的看来，对道教咒术的研究成果很少，还需要大量的深入研究。本篇论文，首先考察了道教咒术的起源及其功能形成机制，重点探讨了道教咒术对语言的神化；其次，本文论述了道教咒术中的时间、空间观念，认为道教咒术中的时间具有空间性、神秘性、可逆性、主体性，空间则具有秩序性、神秘性、同构性、主体性等特征；第三，本文研究了道教咒术对主客体的特殊规定，指出道教咒术是以形、神来规定主体，以神仙、魔鬼来规定客体。咒术中对神仙的祈求与对魔鬼的支配反映了咒术中的主客体矛盾运动：最后，本文指出了道教咒术独特的思维特征，认为在道教咒术中，实在与象征、整体与部分、内在与外在的区别被抹杀了，通过抹杀这些区别，道教咒术的功能才得以形成。
[Abstract]:Taoism is famous for its mantra, which is widely used in praying for cure, practicing Tao to help the world, etc., which is one of the important means for Taoists to realize their religious ideal. At present, the study of Taoist mantra is still in its infancy. The more important works are Qing Xitai and Professor Zhan Shiwindow, who edited the "charm" in the New Book of Taoist Culture, which makes a deep discussion on the historical evolution, philosophical thought, literary value, cultural influence and modern enlightenment of Taoist mantra. Professor Zhang Zehong's "the ritual of Taoist jiao festival spell" makes an incisive discussion on the origin, influence, format, religious thought and religious function of Taoist jiao ceremony. In addition, some monographs on Chinese witchcraft also involve Taoist mantra. Such as Wen Yongsheng's Witchcraft in Ancient China, Hu Xinsheng in Ancient Chinese Witchcraft, Song Zhaolin's Witchcraft and Witchcraft, Zhang Zichen's Chinese Witchcraft, Liang Zhaotao's Ancient Chinese Witchcraft-the Origin and Development of Religion, and so on. In this paper, Professor Li Yuanguo's preliminary study of Taoist mantra is more important. This paper discusses in detail the formation, connotation, characteristics, function and cultural elements of Taoist mantra. Professor Liu Zhongyu's on the Origin and characteristics of Taoist mantra discusses the relationship between Taoist spell and primitive culture, the characteristics and cultural significance of Taoist spell, and discusses the structure and usage of Taoist spell. However, on the whole, the research results of Taoist mantra are very few, and a lot of in-depth research is needed. In this paper, we first investigate the origin and functional formation mechanism of Taoist mantra, focusing on the deification of language by Taoist mantra. Secondly, this paper discusses the concept of time and space in Taoist mantra, and holds that the time in Taoist mantra has the characteristics of space, mystery, reversibility, subjectivity, and space has the characteristics of order, mystery, isomorphism, subjectivity and so on. Thirdly, this paper studies the special provisions of Taoist mantra on the subject and object, and points out that Taoist mantra defines the subject by form and god, immortals and demons to define the object. The prayer for immortals and the domination of the devil in the spell reflect the contradictory movement between subject and object in the spell. Finally, this paper points out the unique thinking characteristics of Taoist mantra, and holds that in Taoist mantra, the differences between reality and symbolism, between the whole and the part, and between the inside and the outside, are erased. By obliterating these differences, the function of Taoist mantra can be formed.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：B95

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