国家重点生态功能区转移支付的生态保护效应研究——基于陕西省数据的实证研究

发布时间：2017-12-30 18:15

本文关键词：国家重点生态功能区转移支付的生态保护效应研究——基于陕西省数据的实证研究　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2017年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国生态环境保护和生态补偿以《国家主体功能区规划》为指导,空间上划分出国家重点生态功能区作为生态环境保护的重点范围并对其进行旨在生态补偿的中央财政转移支付。现阶段对转移支付的生态保护效应研究大多集中于政策解读和理论分析,实证研究相对不足,该制度2009年实施以来已有七八年时间,具备了开展实证研究的基础。文章以陕西省33个国家重点生态功能区为研究样本,在按各县级政府财政收入高低进行分组之后,实证分析了整体样本、高财政收入样本和低财政收入样本的生态补偿转移支付对生态环境质量指数的促进效应。整体回归结果显示,转移支付对生态环境质量的改善起到了重要的促进作用,影响系数显著为正,陕西省国家重点生态功能区所在县级政府的生态环境质量自2009年以来,呈现"基本稳定,逐渐好转"的趋势,与国家重点生态功能区转移支付的激励作用密不可分,同时,财政收入水平对生态环境质量具有显著的影响,且财政收入水平越高,转移支付对生态效益产出的促进作用越大。分组回归结果显示,高财政收入的国家重点生态功能区的转移支付影响系数要大于低财政收入的国家重点生态功能区转移支付的影响系数,这表明将转移支付拨付给高财政收入组更有效率。因此从效率角度看,现阶段国家重点生态功能区转移支付的标准即县级政府财政收支缺口符合公平原则,但相对缺乏效率,以财政收支缺口为补偿标准的方式不利于转移支付效率提升,对生态环境质量改善作用有待进一步挖掘。最后文章基于兼顾效率与公平视角提出了充分发挥转移支付生态保护激励效应,提高生态环境质量的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Ecological environmental protection and ecological compensation in China are guided by the Plan of National main function area. The national key ecological function areas are divided into the key areas of ecological environment protection and the central fiscal transfer payment aiming at ecological compensation is carried out. At this stage, the research on the ecological protection effect of transfer payment is mostly concentrated. In the policy interpretation and theoretical analysis. Empirical research is relatively inadequate, the system has been implemented since 78 time, with the basis of empirical research. This paper takes 33 key ecological functional areas of Shaanxi Province as the research sample. After grouping according to the fiscal revenue of each county government, the paper empirically analyzes the overall sample. The effect of ecological compensation transfer payment on eco-environmental quality index of high fiscal revenue sample and low fiscal revenue sample. The overall regression results show that. Transfer payment plays an important role in promoting the improvement of ecological environment quality, and the influence coefficient is significantly positive. Since 2009, the ecological environment quality of the county government in the state key ecological function area of Shaanxi Province has been improved. The trend of "basic stability and gradual improvement" is closely related to the incentive effect of the transfer payment in the national key ecological functional areas. At the same time, the level of fiscal revenue has a significant impact on the quality of the ecological environment. And the higher the level of fiscal revenue, the greater the contribution of transfer payment to ecological benefit output. The influence coefficient of the transfer payment of the national key ecological function areas with high fiscal revenue is greater than that of the national key ecological function areas with low fiscal revenue. This indicates that it is more efficient to allocate transfer payment to the group of high financial income. Therefore, from the point of view of efficiency, the standard of transfer payment in key ecological functional areas of the state at present, namely, the gap of fiscal revenue and expenditure of county-level governments, conforms to the principle of fairness. But the relative lack of efficiency, the gap in fiscal revenue and expenditure as a compensation standard is not conducive to the efficiency of transfer payments. Finally, based on the perspective of efficiency and equity, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to give full play to the incentive effect of ecological protection of transfer payment and to improve the quality of ecological environment.
【作者单位】：西安交通大学经济与金融学院;西安财经学院西部能源经济与区域发展协同创新研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“完善生态补偿机制研究”(批准号:12&ZD072) 陕西省教育厅哲社重点基地项目“资源富集区资源开发对居民福利的影响研究”(批准号:17JZ037)
【分类号】：F812.45;X321
【正文快照】： 20世纪后半叶,资源环境与经济社会发展间的矛盾日益激化,可持续发展逐渐成为世界各国的共识,环境经济学、生态伦理学、资源承载力、自然权利论等思想深入人心。在这种背景下,世界各国学者开始对环境保护和生态补偿问题进行全面研究。上世纪80年代以来,美国、巴西、加拿大、欧

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