钱塘江流域沉积物中重金属总量空间分布及其成因探讨

发布时间：2018-01-04 07:01

本文关键词：钱塘江流域沉积物中重金属总量空间分布及其成因探讨　出处：《华东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：流域沉积记录及其对人类活动的响应是现代地表过程研究的热点之一。本文选择中国东部现代人类活动较强的钱塘江流域,开展了Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、 Ni等6种重金属(总量)的沉积记录研究,探讨不同重金属流域空间分布特征,并对其成因做了初步分析和解释。所用93个样品均为采自边滩的细颗粒沉积物(为对比需要,采样也覆盖了杭州湾南北两岸及甬江流域),采用德国耶拿contrAA(?)700原子吸收光谱仪,进行全量分析,同时测量了影响重金属元素赋存的有机质、酸碱度(pH值)和氧化还原电位(Eh值)(粒度资料由课题组提供),收集并按不同支流整理出与重金属物源有关的人类活动资料等。初步结论如下：(1)钱塘江流域沉积物6种重金属元素超标度表现为ZnCdCuPb CrNi,杭州湾、甬江分别与流域内含量具有一定差异。流域内Zn:611.63 mg·kg-1, Cr:107.20 mg·kg-1, Cu:72.58 mg·kg-1, Ni:38.36 mg·kg-1, Pb:44.48 mg·kg-1, Cd:2.80mg·kg-1;其中Cd、Zn、Cu超标最严重,分别是背景值的23.22倍、9.65倍、4.51倍；杭州湾Zn:345.22 mg·kg-1, Cr:76.26 mg·kg-1, Cu:31.25 mg·kg-1, Ni:42.15mg·kg-1, Pb:26.11 mg·kg-1, Cd:0.1 mg·kg-1;甬江Zn:368.33 mg·kg-1, Cr:321.21 mg·kg-1, Cu:109.16 mg·kg-1, Ni:68.13 mg·kg-1, Pb:38.04 mg·kg-1, Cd:0.66mg·kg-1。(2)钱塘江流域内重金属含量上游较下游高,污染最严重的河段为壶源江、渌渚江、富春江以及甬江。其中,壶源江Cu、Cd分别高达为124.63 mg·kg-1 104.7 mg·kg-1,兰江Zn、Ni分别达1727.85 mg·kg-1.43.87 mg·kg-1,新安江Cr高达164.16 mg·kg-1,富春江Pb最高,达53.39 mg·kg-1,浦阳江Ni达43.05 mg·kg-1;分水江与曹娥江除Zn属中度污染外,其余5类重金属基本无污染。此外,甬江Cr和Ni研究区中最高,分别为321.21 mg·kg-1和68.13 mg·kg-1。 Cu、Pb、Cr、 Cd在芦茨以上的新安江和富春江段均表现为先上升后下降再次上升的趋势,芦茨以下逐渐下降；Ni在杭州湾有缓慢增加态势。富春江Pb和Cd含量较高与其汇入的支流绿渚江和壶源江、浦阳江有关。(3)钱塘江流域沉积物重金属来源主要是人为源。其中Cd、Pb、Zn在新安江、富春江、杭州湾及支流兰江、壶源江、浦阳江以及甬江上出现的高峰值,主要与当地工业企业生产排放的污废水有关,且Pb受到一定工厂大气沉降污染物影响。钱塘江与杭州湾各类重金属元素在整个流域中含量较低,其含量得到有效稀释,其中,Cu仅为25.51 mg·kg-1、Pb为23.54mg·kg-1、Cd为0.12 mg·kg-1、Cr为64.93 mg·kg-1、Ni为37.42 mg·kg-1、Zn为307.19 mg·kg-1,除Zn属于严重污染,Cr属于无-中度污染外,其余4种重金属皆属于无污染状,钱塘江及杭州湾沉积物重金属受到非人为因素的制约较强。(4)钱塘江流域沉积物有机质含量一级支流高于干流,且不同河段上有机质含量的差异主要与当地人类活动排放的有机污染物有关,流域内同时存在重金属污染及有机污染两种污染物质。流域呈中性偏碱性,基本属于中度还原环境,钱塘江流域pH值和Eh值在一定程度上影响了重金属的含量分布,但影响程度较小。此外,重金属元素Cr和Pb的空间分布特征受细颗粒沉积物分布的影响较显著。
[Abstract]:Basin sedimentary record and its response to human activities is one of the research hotspots of modern surface processes. This paper choose strong Qiantang River basin of Eastern modern human activities carried out Chinese, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni and other 6 kinds of heavy metals (total) sedimentary record of the research on Watershed spatial distribution characteristics of different heavy metals. And the causes are analyzed and explained. The 93 samples are collected from the beach of fine sediments (for comparison, sampling also covers the Hangzhou Bay and the north and south sides of the Yongjiang River Basin), the German Jena contrAA (?) 700 atomic absorption spectrometer, full volume analysis, and measurement effect of organic heavy metal elements in the pH value (pH value) and redox potential (Eh value) (grain size data provided by the research group), collected and sorted out according to the different tributaries of the relevant information of human activities and heavy metal sources. The preliminary conclusion Are as follows: (1) 6 kinds of heavy metals in sediments Qiantang River basin exceed the standard degree for the performance of ZnCdCuPb CrNi, the Gulf of Hangzhou, respectively, has certain difference with the Yongjiang River Basin Zn:611.63 content. Mg kg-1, Cr:107.20 mg, kg-1 Cu:72.58, mg kg-1, Ni:38.36 mg, kg-1, Pb: 44.48 Mg - kg-1, Cd:2.80mg - kg-1 the Cd, Zn, Cu; the most serious exceed the standard, which is 23.22 times the background value, 9.65 times, 4.51 times; Hangzhou Bay Zn:345.22 mg kg-1, Cr:76.26 mg, kg-1 Cu:31.25, Mg, kg-1, Ni:42.15mg, kg-1, Pb:26.11, Mg, kg-1, Cd:0.1 mg kg-1; Zn:368.33 mg kg-1 Cr:321.21 the MG. Kg-1, Cu:109.16 mg, kg-1 Ni:68.13, mg kg-1, Pb:38.04 mg, kg-1, Cd:0.66mg, kg-1. (2) upstream of the heavy metal content Qiantang River basin is downstream of high, the most polluted river is the source of pot River, Lu Zhu Jiang, the Fuchun River and Yongjiang river. The source of pot Jiang Cu, Cd respectively 124 .63 Mg - kg-1 104.7 Mg - kg-1, Zn LAN Ni were up to 1727.85 mg, kg-1.43.87, Mg, kg-1, Xin'An River Cr up to 164.16 Mg - kg-1, the Fuchun River Pb is the highest, up to 53.39 Mg - kg-1, Pu Yangjiang Ni up to 43.05 Mg - kg-1; fenshuijiang and Caoejiang except Zn moderate pollution, the rest 5 kinds of heavy metals has basically no pollution. In addition, the highest Cr and Ni Yongjiang River in the study area, which are 321.21 mg and 68.13 kg-1 mg, kg-1. Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd in Lu Ci above the Xin'An River and the Fuchun River period increased first and decreased again rise, Lu Ci gradually decreased; Ni has a slowly increasing trend in the Gulf of Hangzhou. The Fuchun River Pb and Cd were higher than the Green River and tributaries into the pot of Zhu Jiang source, Pu Yangjiang. (3) the sources of heavy metals in the sediments of Qiantang River basin is mainly anthropogenic sources. The Cd, Pb, Zn in Xin'An River, the Fuchun River, the Gulf of Hangzhou and a tributary of the blue river, a river source Pu Yangjiang and Ningbo. The river appeared on the peak, the main production wastewater and emissions of local industrial enterprises, and Pb by certain factory. The atmospheric pollutant affecting the settlement of all kinds of heavy metal elements in Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River content in the whole basin is lower, the content of effective dilution, which is only 25.51 Cu, Mg kg-1, Pb 23.54mg kg-1 Cd, 0.12 mg, kg-1, Cr 64.93 mg kg-1 Ni 37.42 mg kg-1 Zn 307.19 mg kg-1 Zn, in addition to serious pollution, Cr is moderate pollution, the other 4 kinds of heavy metals are no pollution, Qiantang River and Hangzhou Bay Sediment Heavy Metals by non-human factors strong. (4) the organic matter content in sediment Qiantang River River tributaries above the river, the organic pollutants and the difference between the different sections of the organic matter content of the main and local anthropogenic emissions, and heavy metal pollution and organic pollution in the basin With two kinds of pollutants. The basin was neutral and alkaline, belongs to moderate reduction environment, Qiantang River basin pH and Eh values to a certain extent affected the distribution of heavy metal content, but the influence is small. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements Cr and Pb are affected by fine grain sediment distribution significantly.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X52

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