郑州市大气典型污染过程研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 20:05

本文关键词：郑州市大气典型污染过程研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和快速的城市化进程,人们面临的环境污染问题日益突出,大气污染问题已严重影响人们的生产、生活。郑州市作为中原经济区核心城市,同样面临着严重的空气污染问题。郑州市位于京津冀南部是华北区域雾霾污染边界区域。通过对郑州市不同排放过程污染特征及颗粒物特征分析,为政府制定合理的减排措施提供理论依据。本研究在2014年和2015年期间共选择三次典型污染过程。第一次,在2014年冬季选取河南省中牟县郊区采样点进行综合观测;第二次,2015年9月3日阅兵减排期间郑州大学采样点观测;第三次,2015年冬季雪后重污染过程郑州大学采样点观测。从化学组分,粒径分布,数谱特征及气象条件等方面对污染过程进行分析,分析污染来源及消散机制。中牟观测期间PM_(2.5)最大小时浓度达到560μg/m3,表明在城市郊区同样面临着严重的大气污染问题,通过颗粒物粒径分布和化学组分分析表明中牟郊区大气污染主要受到扬尘及传输影响。对中牟郊区金属元素粒径分布分析表明元素更易积聚在在细粒子中,且大多数有毒重金属元素富集因子最大值在小于1微米的粒径中。对阅兵减排期间空气质量分析结果表明,通过各项减排措施郑州市空气质量得到明显改善。其中PM10质量浓度同比2014年下降了14.1%,但O_3明显高于2013年和2014年同期水平。表明颗粒物污染虽得到明显控制,但光化学烟雾问题开始显现。对阅兵减排期间化学组分分析发现二次无机离子SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+和NO_3~-占总水溶性离子的90%以上,是主要的颗粒物组成部分。降雪过后积雪覆盖条件下扬尘贡献几乎可以忽略,雪后污染过程的发生与二次气溶胶生成有关。分析结果表明阅兵减排期间与雪后污染过程中二次组分生成机制不同,减排期间主要是由光化学过程造成,而雪后污染过程则主要通过液相化学反应生成。在雪后观测期间小时PM_(2.5)浓度最大值超过600μg/m3,重污染天二次离子占总水溶性离子达96%。通过分析发现在重污染过程中高的NH3排放可加剧雾霾污染过程的恶化。对不同污染过程下的气象条件分析发现,颗粒物质量浓度均与风速呈负相关,与湿度呈正相关。气象条件在短期内对污染物的积聚和消散起重要作用。通过对三次典型污染过程分析发现二次污染问题已经成为目前面临的主要大气污染问题,在改善空气质量的过程中,控制一次排放源的同时还应加强对二次污染前体物的控制。在不同的污染过程中,应采取不同的控制措施以达到最佳减排效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the rapid process of urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more and more prominent. The problem of air pollution has seriously affected people's production and life. Zhengzhou City is the core city of Central Plains Economic Zone. Zhengzhou is located in the southern part of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, which is the boundary area of haze pollution in North China. The pollution characteristics and particulates characteristics of different emission processes in Zhengzhou are analyzed. To provide the theoretical basis for the government to formulate reasonable emission reduction measures. This study selected three typical pollution processes between 2014 and 2015. The first time. In the winter of 2014, the sampling sites in the suburbs of Zhongmu County, Henan Province were selected for comprehensive observation. Second, Zhengzhou University sampling site observation during September 3rd 2015 parade emission reduction; The third, winter heavy pollution process in 2015. The pollution process was analyzed from the aspects of chemical composition, particle size distribution, spectral characteristics and meteorological conditions. Analysis of pollution sources and dissipating mechanism. During the observation period of Zhongmu, the maximum hourly concentration of PMMAL reached 560 渭 g / m ~ (3), which indicated that the urban suburbs were also faced with serious air pollution problems. The particle size distribution and chemical composition analysis showed that the air pollution in Zhongmu suburb was mainly affected by dust and transport, and the particle size distribution of metal elements in Zhongmu suburb was easier to accumulate in fine particles. The maximum concentration factor of most toxic heavy metal elements was less than 1 micron. The results of air quality analysis during the parade showed that the concentration factor of most toxic heavy metal elements was less than 1 micron. The air quality of Zhengzhou City has been improved obviously through various emission reduction measures, in which the mass concentration of PM10 has decreased by 14.1% compared with 2014. However, the level of O _ (3) was significantly higher than that of 2013 and 2014, which indicated that the pollution of particulate matter was obviously controlled. However, the problem of photochemical smog began to appear. The analysis of chemical components during the parade showed that the secondary inorganic ion SO4T was 2-2). NH4- and NO3- account for more than 90% of the total water-soluble ions, which are the main components of particulate matter. The results show that the mechanism of secondary component formation during the parade emission reduction process is different from that in the snow pollution process, and the emission reduction period is mainly caused by photochemical process. However, the pollution process after snow is mainly produced by liquid phase chemical reaction. During the observation period, the maximum concentration of PMS 2.5) exceeds 600 渭 g / m ~ 3. The secondary ions account for 96% of the total water-soluble ions in heavy pollution. It is found that high NH3 emission in heavy pollution process can aggravate the deterioration of haze pollution process. . The mass concentration of particulate matter was negatively correlated with wind speed. Meteorological conditions play an important role in the accumulation and dissipation of pollutants in a short period of time. Through the analysis of three typical pollution processes, it is found that secondary pollution has become the main atmospheric pollution problem. . In the process of improving air quality, the control of primary emission sources should be strengthened while the secondary pollution precursors should be controlled. In different pollution processes, different control measures should be taken to achieve the best emission reduction effect.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X51

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