青藏高原东缘典型流域生态系统服务的地形梯度效应——以岷江上游为例

发布时间：2018-01-18 13:12

本文关键词：青藏高原东缘典型流域生态系统服务的地形梯度效应——以岷江上游为例　出处：《长江流域资源与环境》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：山地生态系统受地形因素影响在垂向上呈现出明显的空间分异特征,厘清山地生态系统服务的空间分异特征是区域土地利用和生态系统管理的基础。以青藏高原东缘典型流域岷江上游为研究区,将2000、2005、2010年土地利用数据及DEM数据作为数据源,运用地形位指数、相对变化率和敏感性系数,研究土地利用变化下的生态系统服务价值的地形梯度效应。结果表明:(1)岷江上游土地利用类型以林地和草地为主,约占总面积的60%和30%;2000~2010年,1~4级地形位上除未利用地外的其他土地利用类型分布指数变化较为明显,林地和耕地不断降低,草地、水域和建设用地不断升高。(2)研究期内岷江上游生态系统服务价值总量和各类型生态系统服务的价值随地形位的升高均呈倒V形变化;2000~2010年,研究区1~12级地形位上生态系统服务价值呈增加趋势,13~20级地形位上呈减小趋势。(3)2000~2010年,各地形位上生态系统服务价值变化趋势与研究区一致;除1级地形位上生态系统服务价值变化幅度略高于研究区外,2~20级地形位上的变化幅度与研究区基本一致。(4)研究区各土地利用类型的单位面积生态系统服务价值敏感性系数均小于1,单位面积生态系统服务价值的变化缺乏弹性,研究结果可信;2000~2010年各地形位上水域、草地和荒漠敏感性系数不断上升,林地和耕地敏感性系数不断下降。通过对土地利用变化驱动下的生态系统服务价值的地形梯度效应进行定量测度,明晰了生态系统服务价值随地形梯度变化所呈现的空间分异规律及其变化特征,为保护区域生态系统,合理利用土地资源提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The mountain ecosystem shows obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in vertical direction under the influence of topographic factors. It is the basis of regional land use and ecosystem management to clarify the spatial differentiation characteristics of mountain ecosystem services. Taking the upper reaches of Minjiang River on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as the study area, 20002005 will be taken as the research area. In 2010, land use data and DEM data were used as data sources, using topographic location index, relative change rate and sensitivity coefficient. The topographic gradient effect of ecosystem service value in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was studied. The results showed that the main types of land use in the upper reaches of Minjiang River were forestland and grassland, accounting for 60% and 30 parts of the total land area. From 2000 to 2010, the distribution index of other land use types on the level 1 ~ (4), except the unused land, changed obviously, the woodland and cultivated land decreased, and the grassland. During the study period, the total value of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and the value of all types of ecosystem services increased in inverted V shape. From 2000 to 2010, the value of ecosystem service on the topographic position of grade 1 ~ 12 in the study area showed an increasing trend. The value of ecosystem service on the topographic position of grade 13 ~ 20 showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2010. The change trend of ecosystem service value is consistent with the study area. The value of ecosystem services was slightly higher than that in the study area except for the level 1 topographic location. (2) the change range of topographic position of grade 20 is basically the same as that of the study area. (4) the sensitivity coefficient of ecosystem service value per unit area of each land use type in the study area is less than 1. The change of ecosystem service value per unit area is inelastic and the results are credible. From 2000 to 2010, the sensitivity coefficient of grassland and desert increased continuously in the water area. The sensitivity coefficient of forestland and cultivated land is decreasing continuously. The topographic gradient effect of ecosystem service value driven by land use change is quantitatively measured. In order to protect regional ecosystem and make rational use of land resources, the spatial differentiation law and its changing characteristics of ecosystem service value with the change of topographic gradient were clarified, and the theoretical basis was provided for the protection of regional ecosystem and the rational utilization of land resources.
【作者单位】：贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院;中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41301193) 国家重点基础发展研究计划项目(973)课题(2015CB452706) 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所青年科学基金中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所“一三五”重大突破项目~~
【分类号】：X171.1
【正文快照】： 生态系统服务是生态系统发展过程形成的维持人类赖以生存的自然条件和效用[1~4]。生态系统服务直接或间接为人类福祉做出贡献,代表着地球经济总价值的一部分,但不能以物质形式被直观感受到[5,6]。1980s年代以来,为更直观地了解生态系统服务功能,开始尝试对生态系统服务进行定

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