不同品种蔬菜重金属污染评价和富集特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 13:35

本文关键词： 蔬菜重金属污染评价富集特征　出处：《生态环境学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：运用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法,并通过因子分析和变异系数分析对17种不同的蔬菜品种进行了重金属污染评价和富集特征研究,以期在保证蔬菜安全生产的前提下为耕地资源的充分利用提供合理的建议。重金属污染评价结果表明,17个蔬菜品种中,污染程度处于安全的有4种:水东红灯笼脆甜芥菜(Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss.)、大坪铺大肉包心芥菜(Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss)、大坪铺中迟熟包心芥菜(Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss.)、南畔洲迟萝卜(Raphanus sativus);警戒线的有8种:四九31号油青甜菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)、70d油菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)、31号甜菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)、玉兔5号青梗小白菜(Brassica pekinensis Rupr.),如意快菜(Brassica pekinensis Rupr.)、北京小杂56(Brassica pekinensis Rupr.)、荷兰豆(Pisum sativum)、短叶13号白萝卜(Raphanus sativus);轻度污染的有2种:60 d油菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Lee)、毛豆(Glycine max);中度污染的有2种:全年抗热油麦菜(Lactuca sativa var longifoliaf Lam.)、特选青梗儥僘菜(Beta vulgaris L.),重度污染的有1种:芫荽(Coriandrum sativum L.)。处于安全范围内的4种蔬菜品种可以作为该农田蔬菜安全生产的优选品种。因子分析表明,Cd是造成该批蔬菜重金属污染的主要因子。通过对该批蔬菜富集特征进行研究:不同品种蔬菜对Cr的富集差异较大,Cd次之,Pb、Hg和As则相对较小。17种蔬菜品种中,对Cr、Cd、Pb的富集系数最小的是萝卜1(南畔洲迟萝卜);对As富集系数最小的是芥菜1(精选水东红灯笼脆甜芥菜);对Hg富集系数最小的则有多种蔬菜,包括2种豆类(荷兰豆、毛豆)和2种萝卜(南畔迟萝卜、短叶13号白萝卜)。以上结果可以作为重金属低积累型蔬菜品种筛选的一个依据。
[Abstract]:Using single factor pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method, the heavy metal pollution assessment and enrichment characteristics of 17 different vegetable varieties were studied by factor analysis and variation coefficient analysis. In order to ensure the safe production of vegetables, we can provide reasonable suggestions for the full utilization of cultivated land resources. The results of heavy metal pollution evaluation show that, of the 17 vegetable varieties, There are four species of Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss.Cos., Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et juncea(L.)Czern.et Cossn, Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Cossn, Brassica juncea(L.)Czern.et Coss., South Banzhou turnip and Raphanus sativus, respectively. There are 8 species on the alert line: 4931. Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Leestra 70d Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Leebur, 31 Sugarbeet Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Leeer, Brassica chinensis pekinensis Rupr.China, Brassica pekinensis Rupr.Pisum sativum sativum, short leaf No. 13, Pisum sativum sativum, Pisum sativum, short leaf No. 13. Raphanus sativus; two species of Brassica campestris campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.utilis Tsen et Leetus; two species with moderate pollution: Lactuca sativa var longifoliaf Lam., Beta vulgaris L., and one species of heavy pollution: Coriandrum coriander. Sativum L. C. four varieties of vegetables in safe range can be used as the optimal varieties for the safe production of vegetables in this field. Factor analysis shows that CD is the main factor causing heavy metal pollution in this batch of vegetables. The results showed that there were significant differences in Cr enrichment between different vegetables, followed by PbHG and as, among the 17 vegetable varieties, The lowest enrichment coefficient for Cr-CdCd-Pb was radish 1 (South Banzhou late turnip); for as, mustard 1 (selected red lanterns and sweet mustard); for Hg, there were a variety of vegetables, including two legumes (Dutch beans). The above results can be used as a basis for the selection of vegetable varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals.
【作者单位】：广东省农业科学院农产品公共监测中心;华中农业大学资源与环境学院;农业部农产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室(广州);
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401367) 广东省农田土壤重金属污染重点区域动态监测研究项目
【分类号】：X56;X82

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