基于时序遥感影像的贵州典型石漠化地区生态资产评估及时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 19:04

本文选题：喀斯特石漠化　切入点：生态资产评估　出处：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贵州喀斯特高原山区生态环境极其脆弱,随着西部大开发战略的实施,特别是西部生态建设目标的提出,贵州省作为中国首批国家级生态文明试验区,不断重视并加强生态环境保护的力度,如何确定“生态问责”的标准等问题仍然需要我们进一步深入研究。生态资产评估是通过研究区域的生态资产情况,了解研究区域环境与经济的关系,它既包括生态系统的服务功能价值评估,也包括自然资源价值评估。基于时序遥感的生态资产评估能够更有针对性的解决喀斯特石漠化地区复杂的地形与气候、破碎的地块等现状带来的研究障碍,获取地表信息方便快捷,能减少人工测量的误差,是针对喀斯特石漠化地区生态资产研究的有效手段,可为该地区的生态保护与恢复提供数据支撑。针对贵州石漠化地区特殊的环境背景,研究选取了贵州典型石漠化地区“关岭—贞丰花江喀斯特高原峡谷中-强度石漠化综合治理示范区”作为研究区域,基于时序遥感影像信息提取技术、地理信息时空运算与空间分析技术,识别示范区内不同的生态系统类型,整合气象、土壤、DEM等相关数据,依据CASA模型计算NPP,运用替代价值法、市场价值法、碳税法、替代成本法、影子工程法等方法分别计算示范区内各项生态资产价值,借鉴Costanza等人在进行全球生态资产测量的经验,建立生态资产遥感评估的指标体系并计算生态资产总值,进一步研究示范区1990年到2015年这25年间的生态资产时空演变规律,体现示范区25年间的生态资产价值结构、单项评估指标的时空变化、单个生态系统的生态资产结构变化及示范区生态资产变化的分区格局,从而能够为地区的生态资产管理及区域协调发展方面的研究提供理论参考。主要研究结果有:(1)通过计算生态资产单项价值,研究了花江示范区的价值结构在25年间的变化,单项价值结构表现为:气候调节养分循环涵养水源有机质生产土壤保持。气候调节价值对生态资产的贡献最大,其次是养分循环价值,土壤保持价值对生态资产价值的贡献最小。从单项生态系统类型的生态资产评估结果来看,阔叶林地与灌木林地的生态资产贡献率较大,而难利用地、建筑用地与水体的生态资产贡献率较低。(2)通过时序变化研究,研究结果为生态资产时序分布依次为:2015年2010年1990年1995年2000年2005年,总体生态资产在25年时序上表现为先降低再增高的趋势。受自然因素与人为因素的影响,同一生态系统类型的生态资产随时间必然是呈动态变化的。各类生态系统类型的时序变化整体为先降低再升高的变化趋势。单项指标价值时序变化为:有机质价值处于一个波动的变化状态,涵养水源价值与土壤保持价值的变化相对平稳,养分循环价值和气候调节价值在这25年间整体上为增高趋势。(3)通过对示范区近25年生态资产变化分区分析,研究结果为生态资产由东北部向西南部呈递减趋势,非喀斯特区域相比喀斯特区域的价值要高。近25年花江示范区生态资产变动趋势表现为北部侵蚀陡坡处于波动下降区;非喀斯特区域的侵蚀台地处于波动升高区;在中部及西部的侵蚀丘峰台地区有一定的升高,但变化相对平稳;示范区南部的峰从洼地等区域,部分农用地有明显的升高趋势,但范围较小,整体变化较小。研究结果对该示范区的石漠化治理工程优化有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment in Guizhou mountainous area of Karst plateau is very fragile, with the implementation of the western development strategy, especially puts forward the goal of ecological construction in western region, Guizhou province Chinese as the first batch of national ecological civilization pilot area, continue to attach importance to and strengthen the ecological environment protection, how to determine the "ecological accountability standards and other issues still need further study on the evaluation of ecological assets. By means of ecological assets in the study area, understand the relationship between regional environment and economy, it not only includes the value assessment of ecosystem service function, also including the assessment of the value of natural resources. The ecological assets assessment of remote sensing series can be more targeted to solve the topography and climate of Karst rocky desertification area based on complex the research status, barriers block broken, to obtain the surface information conveniently, can reduce the manual measurement error is needle Effective means for research of ecological assets in Karst rocky desertification area, can provide data support in the area of ecological protection and recovery. According to the background of the special environment in Guizhou rocky desertification area, selected typical Guizhou rocky desertification area in Guanling - Zhenfeng Huajiang Karst plateau Valley - strength rocky desertification demonstration "as the study area, the timing extraction technology based on remote sensing image, geographic information spatial operations and spatial analysis technology, ecosystem types, different recognition in the demonstration area of integration of meteorological, soil, DEM and other related data, based on the CASA model NPP, the use of surrogate value method, market value method, carbon tax, replacement cost method calculate, demonstration area of the ecological assets value shadow engineering method, using Costanza et al in the global ecological assets measurement experience, the establishment of remote assessment of ecological assets The index system and calculate the value of ecological capital, evolution of further research demonstration area of 25 years between 1990 to 2015 the ecological assets space, ecological assets value structure reflects the demonstration area in 25 years, temporal and spatial variation of individual indicators, ecological assets changes and demonstration area of the ecological assets structure changes in individual ecosystem zoning pattern, which can to provide a theoretical reference for the study of regional ecological asset management and regional coordinated development. The main results are: (1) through calculating the ecological assets value of individual, change the value structure of Huajiang demonstration area in 25 years, the structure of individual value as follows: climate regulating nutrient cycling of organic matter production and soil conservation water conservation. Climate regulation value contribution to ecological assets, followed by the nutrient cycle value, soil conservation value of ecological capital value contribution is minimal. From the ecological assets assessment results of individual ecosystem types, ecological forest and shrub land asset contribution rate is large, and difficult to use land, ecological assets and water construction contribution rate is relatively low. (2) through the study of temporal variation, the results for the temporal distribution of ecological assets as follows: 2015 2010 1990 1995 in 2000 2005, the overall ecological assets in 25 years time was first decreased and then increased. Affected by natural factors and human factors, ecological assets in the same ecosystem type with time bound is a dynamic change. The timing variation of various ecosystem types for the overall decrease first and then increase the individual. The index value for temporal changes of organic matter in the state of changing a value fluctuation, the value of water conservation and soil conservation value changes is relatively stable, nutrient cycling and climate value Adjust the value for the increasing trend in the whole of this 25 years. (3) through zoning analysis on ecological assets in the recent 25 years, the demonstration zone, the results of ecological assets from the northeast to the southwest Karst region showed a decreasing trend compared to Karst regional value will be high. Nearly 25 years spent River Demonstration Area of ecological assets change a trend for the northern steep slope in descending area; erosion platform in non Karst areas under fluctuations increased in central and western areas; the Taiwan area has a certain erosion crests increases, but the change is relatively stable; the southern demonstration area of peak areas from Wa, part of the agricultural land increased significantly, but a smaller range, the overall change is small. The research results have certain guiding significance to the demonstration area of the rocky desertification control project optimization.

【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826;X87

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