鹤岗市煤矿区土地利用脆弱性及生态重建研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 01:03

本文选题：煤炭城市 + 土地利用脆弱性　；参考：《黑龙江科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地系统作为人地耦合关系的重要衡量指标,其相关研究已经成为全球研究的热点。煤炭城市作为一种特殊的城市群体,在自然因素和人类活动综合作用下,土地利用表现出典型的脆弱性特征。本文借助遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,以1994-2014年鹤岗市煤矿区土地利用为研究对象,五期遥感影像及统计资料为基础数据,利用光谱特征与纹理分析、归一化植被指数(NDVI)阈值法辅助支持向量机(SVM)进行遥感影像土地利用分类提取;从生态、经济、社会三个视角出发,基于敏感性、暴露度与适应能力构建脆弱性评价模型,利用层次分析法(AHP)结合数学模型建立脆弱性评价体系并获取了27个评价指标权值,运用GIS空间分析法对煤矿区土地利用进行空间与时间尺度上的脆弱性评价并提出适宜的生态重建模式优化策略。研究结果表明:(1)1994-2014年鹤岗市煤矿区土地利用脆弱性总体呈现不断加剧态势,在人类活动干扰下煤矿用地、未利用地、居住用地的改变与破坏直接或间接导致土地利用脆弱性变化态势,除林地脆弱性呈隐性状态,其它景观类型均呈现出较强的显性脆弱性;(2)在自然因素、人为因素干扰下研究区土地利用适应能力逐渐不稳定,土地利用环境在敏感性、暴露度双重作用下表现出由潜在脆弱向极度脆弱的变化趋势,生态环境破坏处于加剧状态。因此,针对鹤岗市煤矿区土地利用脆弱性状况提出完善耕地基础保护设施、草地植被重塑及生物多样性维持等优化措施,以期为煤矿城市生态问题提供有效的指导方案和可持续发展战略。
[Abstract]:Land system, as an important measure of human-land coupling, has become a global research hotspot.Coal city as a special urban group, under the comprehensive action of natural factors and human activities, land use shows typical vulnerability characteristics.In this paper, with the help of RS (RS) and GIS (Geographic Information system) technology, the land use in coal mine area of Hegang City from 1994 to 2014 is taken as the research object, the five periods of remote sensing images and statistical data are taken as the basic data, and the spectral characteristics and texture analysis are used.NDVI (Normalized vegetation Index) threshold method was used to classify and extract land use in remote sensing images, and based on sensitivity, exposure and adaptability, a vulnerability assessment model was constructed from ecological, economic and social perspectives.The vulnerability assessment system was established by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and mathematical model, and the weights of 27 evaluation indexes were obtained.The vulnerability assessment of land use in coal mining area on spatial and temporal scales was carried out by using GIS spatial analysis method, and an appropriate optimization strategy of ecological reconstruction model was put forward.The results show that the vulnerability of land use in Hegang coal mine area from 1994 to 2014 in Hegang City is increasing continuously, and the coal mine land and unused land are disturbed by human activities.The change and destruction of residential land directly or indirectly led to the change trend of land use vulnerability, except for the recessive state of forest land vulnerability, the other landscape types showed strong dominant vulnerability in natural factors.Under the disturbance of human factors, the adaptive ability of land use in the study area was gradually unstable, the dual effects of sensitivity and exposure of land use environment showed a trend of change from potential vulnerability to extreme vulnerability, and the ecological environment damage was in a state of aggravation.Therefore, in view of the vulnerability of land use in coal mine area of Hegang City, the optimization measures such as improving the basic protection facilities of cultivated land, reconstructing grassland vegetation and maintaining biodiversity are put forward.The aim is to provide effective guiding scheme and sustainable development strategy for urban ecological problems in coal mines.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.24;X171.4

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