生态保护补偿研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:29

本文选题：生态保护 + 生态补偿　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步和经济的发展,人们对保护生态环境的意识也正在逐渐提高,但是对于影响生态环境的主体方即生态环境的破坏方、生态环境的保护方以及因生态保护而利益受损方的生态补偿问题目前还没有得到很好的解决,导致社会中各参与方,对生态保护补偿及其补偿计算问题并没有形成统一、明确的认识、界定。本文对破坏生态环境方、保护生态环境方以及因生态保护而利益受益方、受损方的分析研究认为:在生态保护区应从破坏生态环境方、保护生态环境方、因生态保护而利益受益方、受损方,全方位、多角度建立生态保护补偿及其补偿计算方法,并综合分析其计算方法的优缺点、适用条件、存在的问题等,为生态保护区建立生态补偿及补偿计算提供理论依据。文章首先介绍了国内外生态补偿问题研究现状,得出国内外因对生态补偿研究所涉及的领域和内容的不同,导致生态补偿不能够形成标准化,在实施过程中很难实现统一、合理的理论依据标准。文章第二部分对生态保护的内涵和意义、作用进行了阐述。首先从生态保护的概念及内容进行界定,得出生态保护包含的内容;其次对在生态保护区影响范围内关于生态保护的意义和作用,从净化空气、恢复和提高水源水质、涵养水源、防止水土流失、保护生物多样性、其他方面的作用及意义进行了肯定和认可。文章第三部分,对生态移民的内涵和意义、作用进行了阐述。首先对生态移民的基本涵义进行了概述;其次对生态移民在生态保护中的地位和作用进行分析,肯定了实施生态移民工程是保护生态环境的有效措施之一;再次对生态移民中关于生态保护存在的问题进行了分析和研究,并提出了相应的解决对策。文章第四部分对生态补偿的法理依据进行了介绍。首先对生态补偿的合理性进行论述;其次整理我国现有的有关生态补偿的法律依据;再次对现有的法律、法规等存在的问题进行分析并提出相应的改善意见,为生态保护区有关生态补偿提供法律保障。文章第五部分首先从生态保护的破坏方(即破坏生态环境向空气中排放污染气体CO2、NO2、SO2、CO的人群和地区)建立污染气体排放累加补偿计算,并依据生态破坏方向空气中排放的CO2类比于其他污染气体(CO、SO2、NO2)作为生态补偿的核算指标,从而建立污染气体排放累加补偿计算方法。文章以移民区为例,采用种树成本与根据碳汇价格计算出的生态补偿费用,并进行综合比较来确定生态保护区污染气体排放累加补偿计算方法,最终提出应正确合理得使用两种计算方法来确定生态破坏方应给予的生态补偿费用。其次,对生态保护的破坏方以对土壤和其他固体污染带来的生态破坏行为建立生态补偿。依据造成土壤和其他固体污染的不同原因,利用污染程度、污染面积、污染物重量等指标,分别采取补偿计算的方法。再次,对生态保护的破坏方以对水体污染建立生态补偿,依据排放污水的总量和污水处理价格等指标,建立生态保护破坏方应给予的生态补偿。文章第六部分从生态保护的获益方(即因生态保护使生态环境提高后获益的人群、地区、政府、企业等)建立生态补偿计算方法,对获益方因生态保护获得优质水源、流域内减少泥沙含量、保持土壤中养分含量、形成涵养水源等方面,按照代替法、类比法等方法,从获益方因生态保护获得的经济效益方面建立生态补偿计算方法。文章第七部分从生态保护利益受损方(即对因生态保护后利益受损的生态保护区居民或移民)建立生态补偿计算方法。对利益受损方的损益分析,从生态保护后土地的损失、林业成本费和管理费的损失及开支、移民身心损失等方面,按照原价补偿和综合调查的原则方法建立生态补偿计算,从而对生态保护区居民或移民进行生态补偿。文章第八部分从生态保护的破坏方、获益方、利益受损方综合分析其计算方法的合理性、适用条件、优缺点以及存在的问题,得出在生态保护区建立的生态补偿计算方法应全方位、多角度综合考虑后选择生态保护区有关生态补偿问题的计算方法。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the society and the development of the economy, people's awareness of protecting the ecological environment is gradually increasing. However, the problems that affect the ecological environment, the protection of the ecological environment and the ecological compensation for the interests damaged by the ecological protection, have not been well solved, leading to the society. Each participant in the meeting has not formed a unified, clear understanding and definition for the problems of ecological protection compensation and compensation calculation. In this paper, the analysis and Research on the parties that destroy the ecological environment, protect the ecological environment and benefit the benefit of the ecological protection are that the ecological environment should be protected from the ecological environment and protect the ecological environment in the ecological protection area. The benefit side of ecological protection, the beneficiaries of the benefit, the damaged party, the omni-directional and multi angle establishment of ecological protection compensation and its compensation calculation method, and the comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of its calculation method, the applicable conditions and the existing problems, provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of ecological compensation and compensation calculation in the ecological protection area. The second part of the article expounds the internal and significance of ecological protection and the role of ecological protection in the second part of the article. The concept and content of protection are defined, and the contents of ecological protection are obtained. Secondly, the significance and role of ecological protection in the scope of the ecological protection area are given and the effect and significance of purifying air, restoring and improving water quality, water water conservation, water and soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and other aspects are affirmed and recognized. In the third part, the connotation, significance and function of ecological migration are expounded. First, the basic meaning of ecological migration is summarized. Secondly, the status and role of ecological immigration in ecological protection are analyzed. It is affirmed that the implementation of ecological migration project is one of the effective measures to protect the ecological environment. The existing problems of ecological protection were analyzed and studied, and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The fourth part of the article introduced the legal basis of ecological compensation. First, the rationality of ecological compensation was discussed; secondly, the legal basis of ecological compensation in China was sorted out; and the existing laws and regulations, etc. The fifth part of the article first set up the compensation calculation for the pollution gas emission from the fifth part of the ecological protection, namely, the destruction of the ecological protection (i.e. the destruction of the ecological environment to the air in the air pollution gas CO2, the NO2, the SO2, the CO, and the ground area). The CO2 analogy of air emission in the direction of ecological destruction is compared with other polluted gases (CO, SO2, NO2) as the accounting index of ecological compensation, and the calculation method of cumulative compensation for pollution gas emission is established. The article takes the immigration area as an example, and uses the cost of planting trees and the ecological compensation cost calculated according to the carbon sink price, and makes a comprehensive comparison to determine the birth rate. The calculation method of cumulative compensation for pollution gas emission in the state protection area is proposed. Finally, it is proposed that two calculation methods should be used correctly to determine the ecological compensation cost that the ecological destruction party should give. Secondly, the ecological compensation is established to establish ecological compensation for the ecological damage caused by soil and other solid pollution. The different reasons of other solid pollution, using the pollution degree, pollution area, and the weight of pollutants respectively, take the method of compensation calculation respectively. Thirdly, the ecological protection of the destruction party to establish ecological compensation for water pollution, according to the total amount of sewage discharge and sewage treatment price criteria, the ecological protection should be given to the ecological destruction of the ecological environment. The sixth part of the article sets up an ecological compensation calculation method from the beneficiaries of ecological protection (i.e., people, regions, governments and enterprises that benefit from the ecological protection to improve the ecological environment) to obtain the good quality water source for the beneficiaries because of the ecological protection, reduce the sediment content in the basin, keep the nutrient content in the soil, and form the water conservation water and so on. According to the substitution method and analogy method, the ecological compensation calculation method is set up from the benefit side for the economic benefit obtained by the ecological protection. The seventh part of the article is from the Jian Lisheng state compensation calculation method of the ecological protection benefit damaged party (i.e. the ecological protection area residents or immigrants who are damaged by the ecological protection). From the aspects of the loss of land after ecological protection, the loss of the cost of forestry, the loss and expenditure of the management fee, the physical and mental loss of the immigrants, the ecological compensation calculation is set up according to the principle of the original price compensation and the comprehensive investigation, so as to compensate the ecological compensation for the residents or immigrants in the ecological protection area. The eighth part of the article will benefit from the destruction side of the ecological protection, The benefit damage side comprehensively analyzes the rationality of the calculation method, the applicable conditions, the advantages and disadvantages as well as the existing problems, and concludes that the ecological compensation calculation method established in the ecological protection area should be omnibearing, and the calculation method of ecological compensation problem in the ecological protection area should be selected after the comprehensive consideration of multi angles.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】