长三角地区钢铁行业烟气污染控制技术评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 21:17

本文选题：钢铁行业 + 烟气脱硫　；参考：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长三角地区三省一市(江浙皖沪)作为中国发展的战略要地,具有人口密集、经济发达、地理位置优越等特点。钢铁行业作为该区域主要工业行业之一,其大气污染物排放量也占了非常大的比重,对该区域的大气环境影响甚重。钢铁行业主要的大气污染物包括颗粒物(PM)、二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)等。其中,造粒环节(烧结、球团)是钢铁行业最主要的污染工序。随着国家对大气污染减排工作的日益重视以及对行业排放标准的把控日趋严格,选择技术成熟、经济可行且环境友好的污染物控制技术成为目前各个钢铁企业亟待解决的问题。本文首先调研了中国钢铁工业年鉴、环境统计数据及相关文献,获得长三角地区各个钢铁行业的生产规模、地理分布及排污情况等相关信息,初步建立长三角地区的钢铁生产企业名录。其次,在分析各个钢铁企业采用的除尘、脱硫和脱硝技术的基础上,本文选择了对典型企业进行实地调研及数据统计。根据调研结果可知:长三角地区钢铁企业的除尘技术趋于统一,各个企业普遍选择静电除尘作为烧结和球团工序的颗粒物捕集技术;脱硫技术较为多元化,其主流技术包括:石灰石-石膏法、氨-硫铵法、旋转喷雾干燥法(SDA)、循环流化床半干法(CFB)和高性能烧结烟气废气净化技术(MEROS);我国钢铁行业脱硝技术仍处于起步阶段,目前仅有两套同步脱硫脱硝设备。考虑到除尘技术单一、脱硫技术多元化和脱硝技术匮乏的现状,本文只对钢铁行业的烟气脱硫技术展开综合评价。随后,本文建立了一套综合考虑技术因素、经济因素和环境因素的评价体系,并利用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价法相结合的方式,对长三角地区多元化的脱硫技术进行科学评价。首先,基于层次分析法对综合评价的指标体系中的各个指标进行权重分析,确立各个指标在体系中的重要程度。其次,结合调研数据,分大规模(200m2以上)烧结机、小规摸(200m2及以下)烧结机和球团设备三种类型,建立各个指标对应的隶属函数。最后,利用模糊综合评价法对市场现有的主流脱硫技术进行优劣排序,并阐明各个脱硫技术的优劣势及具体适用工况,为钢铁企业的决策者选择最适合企业自身工况的脱硫技术。
[Abstract]:The three provinces and one city (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shanghai) in the Yangtze River Delta region, as the strategic center of China's development, have the characteristics of dense population, developed economy and superior geographical position. As one of the major industries in the region, the iron and steel industry also accounts for a very large proportion of the emissions of atmospheric pollutants, which has a heavy impact on the atmospheric environment in this region. The main atmospheric pollutants in iron and steel industry include particulate matter (PMN), sulfur dioxide (so _ 2), nitrogen oxide (no _ x) and so on. Among them, granulation (sintering, pellet) is the most important pollution process in the steel industry. With the increasing attention of the state to the emission reduction of air pollution and the increasingly strict control of the emission standards of the industry, the selection of mature technology, economic feasibility and environmentally friendly pollution control technology has become an urgent problem to be solved in various iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, we first investigated the yearbook of China's iron and steel industry, environmental statistics and related documents, and obtained the production scale, geographical distribution and pollution discharge information of each iron and steel industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. Preliminary establishment of the Yangtze River Delta iron and steel production enterprises directory. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the dust removal, desulphurization and denitrification technology adopted by each iron and steel enterprise, this paper chooses to carry on the field investigation and the data statistics to the typical enterprise. According to the investigation results, the dust removal technology of iron and steel enterprises in Yangtze River Delta tends to be unified, and all enterprises generally choose electrostatic dust removal as the particle capture technology in sintering and pellet processes, and the desulfurization technology is more diversified. The main technologies include limestone gypsum method, ammonia ammonium method, rotary spray drying method, circulating fluidized bed semi-dry process CFB) and high performance sintering flue gas purification technology, and the denitrification technology of iron and steel industry in China is still in its infancy. At present, there are only two sets of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification equipment. Considering the fact that the dust removal technology is single, the desulphurization technology is diversified and the denitrification technology is scarce, this paper only carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the flue gas desulfurization technology in the iron and steel industry. Then, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system considering technical, economic and environmental factors, and combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. A scientific evaluation of the diversified desulfurization technology in the Yangtze River Delta region was carried out. Firstly, the weight of each index in the index system of comprehensive evaluation is analyzed based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the importance of each index in the system is established. Secondly, according to the investigation data, there are three types of sintering machine, such as large scale sintered machine (more than 200m2), small gauge (200m2) sintering machine and pelletizing equipment, and the corresponding membership function of each index is established. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing mainstream desulphurization technologies in the market are ranked by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the advantages and disadvantages of each desulfurization technology and the specific applicable conditions are expounded. The desulphurization technology, which is most suitable for the enterprise's own working condition, is chosen for the decision makers of iron and steel enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X757

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