基于DEA-Tobit模型的中国县域污水处理服务减排效率测评

发布时间：2018-06-08 05:11

本文选题：县域 + 污水处理服务　；参考：《资源科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：县域污水处理服务快速增长,已成为重要的减排力量,但减排效率差异很大。为了提高县域污水处理服务的减排效率,本文应用数据包络分析法,以年处理能力、年运营费用、年耗电量、雇员人数为投入变量,以污水实际处理量、COD、BOD5、氨氮消减量为产出变量,构建县域污水处理服务减排效率评价模型,以2014年中国413个县域污水处理设施进行实证分析,并应用Tobit模型分析找出关键影响因素。结果表明:①全国县域污水处理服务减排综合效率平均值为0.637,具有较大的效率提升空间;技术效率为0.756,要素配比急需改善;规模效率为0.835,且73.85%的县域处于规模报酬递增阶段,有必要扩大处理规模;②污水处理服务减排效率的区域差异明显,特征各异;③处理规模、水量负荷率、运营年限、人口密度、经济发展水平对减排效率产生正向影响;④生物膜类工艺减排效率相对较高。因此,根据区域特征分类指导,加强县域污水处理服务运营管理交流,适当扩大处理规模,因地制宜选择污水处理工艺,加强配套管网建设,促进雨污分流,有利于提高污水处理服务的减排效率。
[Abstract]:The rapid growth of county sewage treatment service has become an important power of emission reduction, but the efficiency of emission reduction is very different. In order to improve the emission reduction efficiency of the county sewage treatment service, this paper applies the data envelopment analysis method, taking the annual treatment capacity, the annual operating cost, the annual electricity consumption and the number of employees as input variables. Based on the actual sewage treatment capacity CODBOD5 and ammonia nitrogen abatement as output variables, a model for evaluating the emission reduction efficiency of sewage treatment services at the county level was constructed, and an empirical analysis was carried out on 413 county sewage treatment facilities in China in 2014. Tobit model was used to find out the key factors. The results show that the average comprehensive efficiency of reducing emissions of sewage treatment services in the county area is 0.637, the technical efficiency is 0.756, the proportion of the elements is in urgent need of improvement, the scale efficiency is 0.835, and 73.85% of the counties are in the stage of increasing returns on scale. It is necessary to expand the treatment scale and the regional differences of emission reduction efficiency of sewage treatment services are obvious. Different treatment scale, water load rate, operation life, population density and economic development level have a positive impact on emission reduction efficiency. (4) Biofilm process has relatively high emission reduction efficiency. Therefore, according to the guidance of regional characteristic classification, we should strengthen the communication of operation and management of county sewage treatment service, appropriately expand the scale of treatment, select sewage treatment technology according to local conditions, strengthen the construction of supporting pipe network, and promote the diversion of rain pollution. It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of emission reduction of sewage treatment services.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学可持续发展研究所;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2012ZX0760003) 教育部人文社科研究项目(15YJCZH538)
【分类号】：X703

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