我国村镇生活垃圾焚烧处置特性及其烟气中PAHs和BTEXs的人体健康风险研究
发布时间：2018-10-07 20:08
【摘要】：我国农村生活垃圾正面临着“垃圾围村”的窘境,我国村镇生活垃圾的处理处置处于起步阶段,相关配套的村镇生活垃圾处理处置设施及长效运行管理办法还有待跟进,以至于我国农村地区出现了诸如垃圾露天焚烧的方式进行减量。鉴于研究及解决我国农村生活垃圾管理及处理处置办法的必要性,以及鲜有关于我国村镇生活垃圾露天焚烧对人体健康风险的研究。为此,研究于2015年3、6、9、12月对我国南方、北方各6个省份典型村镇的生活垃圾产生源处进行采样并送回实验室分析,采样点设置为每个省/市下选择3个镇,每个镇下选择1个村,共计72个采样点,本研究分析项包括村镇生活垃圾组分质量百分数、含水率、热值。在我国村镇生活垃圾基本特性的基础之上,进行垃圾组分的热处理研究,包括垃圾组分的热重实验研究以及设定相关影响垃圾焚烧因素条件后垃圾焚烧烟气中多环芳烃和苯系物释放强度研究。最后,根据我国农村人口居住区的规模,选取我国湖北省下的乡村进行垃圾露天焚烧人体健康风险评估。研究结论如下:我国村镇生活垃圾组分呈现:有害类金属类(5%)木竹类玻璃类织物类砖瓦类(15%)纸类橡塑类25%灰土类(26%)厨余类(34%);南方、北方村镇生活垃圾含水率分别为:(40.09±5.23)%和(30.48±10.21)%;村镇生活垃圾经分选分流后得到的可燃组分垃圾热值多数大于3 500 kJ·kg~(-1),仅在我国南方部分地区的生活垃圾即使经过分选后热值仍较低,若采取焚烧处置则需加强垃圾焚烧前的前处理工艺;我国村镇生活垃圾露天焚烧时,焚烧烟气中PAHs和BTEXs的源强分别为:(74.80～467.71)mg·kg~(-1)和(22.42～61.21)mg·kg~(-1);村镇生活垃圾露天焚烧(其焚烧烟气中PAHs和BTEXs的释放强度选自实验室400 ℃条件下的值)场景分别出现在离散型村庄、密集型村庄、“城乡一体化型”乡村时,垃圾焚烧烟气通过人体呼吸途径作用于肺部,评估选定的居民活动范围内均存在不同程度的致癌风险。具体为:从PAHs、BTEXs角度得出离散型村庄生活垃圾池内生活垃圾露天焚烧对暴露人群不存在致癌风险,但从露天焚烧垃圾Dioxins的释放强度进行风险评估时,存在致癌风险;密集型村庄、“城乡一体化”型乡镇露天焚烧生活垃圾均存在致癌风险;对农村生活垃圾采取小型焚烧炉(其焚烧烟气中PAHs和BTEXs的释放强度选自实验室850 ℃条件下的值)进行焚烧处置(无烟气处理设施),垃圾处理量为2.07 t·h~(-1),日运行时间为10 h,烟气排放高度为5 m,由焚烧烟气中的PAHs和BTEXs导致的致癌风险影响范围约在下风向1 km～1.1 km处。对小型焚烧炉加以烟气处理设施,当烟气处理率为90%时,致癌风险范围在下风向300 m内,当处理率为99%时,对周围环境则不存在致癌风险。
[Abstract]:China's rural domestic waste is facing the dilemma of "garbage surrounding villages". The disposal and disposal of village and town domestic waste is in its infancy, and the related supporting facilities and long-term operation management methods have yet to be followed up. So that in rural areas of China, such as open-air incineration of garbage to reduce the number of ways. In view of the necessity of studying and solving the management and disposal methods of rural domestic refuse in China, there are few studies on the risk of open burning of domestic refuse to human health in villages and towns in China. Therefore, in December 2015, samples were collected from typical villages and towns in six provinces of the south and north of China and sent back to the laboratory for analysis. The sampling points were set up to select 3 towns per province / city and 1 village under each town. A total of 72 sampling points were collected. The analysis items included mass percentage, moisture content and caloric value of MSW in villages and towns. On the basis of the basic characteristics of domestic refuse in villages and towns in China, the heat treatment of garbage components was studied. It includes the thermogravimetric experiments of MSW components and the study on the release intensity of PAHs and benzene series in flue gas of MSW incineration after setting the relevant factors affecting MSW incineration. Finally, according to the scale of rural population residential area in China, the village of Hubei Province is selected to assess the health risk of MSW in open burning. The results are as follows: the components of domestic garbage in villages and towns of China are: harmful metal (5%), wood, bamboo, glass, fabric, brick and tile (15%), paper, rubber and plastic, 25% lime-soil, kitchen residue (34%), southern China, The moisture content of the municipal solid waste (MSW) was (40.09 卤5.23)% and (30.48 卤10.21), the calorific value of the combustible waste was more than 3 500 kJ kg~ (-1), only in some parts of southern China, the calorific value of MSW was still low. If incineration is adopted, the pretreatment process before incineration should be strengthened. The source strengths of PAHs and BTEXs in incineration smoke were (74.80 / 467.71) mg kg~ (-1) and (22.42 / 61.21) mg kg~ (-1), respectively. In intensive villages, "urban-rural integration" villages, waste incineration flue gas acts on the lungs through human breathing pathways, and evaluates the risk of cancer in different degrees within the selected range of residents' activities. The results are as follows: from the point of view of PAHs,BTEXs, open burning of MSW in discrete village MSW pool has no carcinogenic risk to exposed population, but there is carcinogenic risk when evaluating the release intensity of Dioxins from open burning of MSW. "Urban-rural integration" type of open burning of MSW in townships has carcinogenic risks; The small scale incinerator (the release intensity of PAHs and BTEXs in the incineration flue gas is selected from the value at 850 鈩，
本文编号：2255513
[Abstract]:China's rural domestic waste is facing the dilemma of "garbage surrounding villages". The disposal and disposal of village and town domestic waste is in its infancy, and the related supporting facilities and long-term operation management methods have yet to be followed up. So that in rural areas of China, such as open-air incineration of garbage to reduce the number of ways. In view of the necessity of studying and solving the management and disposal methods of rural domestic refuse in China, there are few studies on the risk of open burning of domestic refuse to human health in villages and towns in China. Therefore, in December 2015, samples were collected from typical villages and towns in six provinces of the south and north of China and sent back to the laboratory for analysis. The sampling points were set up to select 3 towns per province / city and 1 village under each town. A total of 72 sampling points were collected. The analysis items included mass percentage, moisture content and caloric value of MSW in villages and towns. On the basis of the basic characteristics of domestic refuse in villages and towns in China, the heat treatment of garbage components was studied. It includes the thermogravimetric experiments of MSW components and the study on the release intensity of PAHs and benzene series in flue gas of MSW incineration after setting the relevant factors affecting MSW incineration. Finally, according to the scale of rural population residential area in China, the village of Hubei Province is selected to assess the health risk of MSW in open burning. The results are as follows: the components of domestic garbage in villages and towns of China are: harmful metal (5%), wood, bamboo, glass, fabric, brick and tile (15%), paper, rubber and plastic, 25% lime-soil, kitchen residue (34%), southern China, The moisture content of the municipal solid waste (MSW) was (40.09 卤5.23)% and (30.48 卤10.21), the calorific value of the combustible waste was more than 3 500 kJ kg~ (-1), only in some parts of southern China, the calorific value of MSW was still low. If incineration is adopted, the pretreatment process before incineration should be strengthened. The source strengths of PAHs and BTEXs in incineration smoke were (74.80 / 467.71) mg kg~ (-1) and (22.42 / 61.21) mg kg~ (-1), respectively. In intensive villages, "urban-rural integration" villages, waste incineration flue gas acts on the lungs through human breathing pathways, and evaluates the risk of cancer in different degrees within the selected range of residents' activities. The results are as follows: from the point of view of PAHs,BTEXs, open burning of MSW in discrete village MSW pool has no carcinogenic risk to exposed population, but there is carcinogenic risk when evaluating the release intensity of Dioxins from open burning of MSW. "Urban-rural integration" type of open burning of MSW in townships has carcinogenic risks; The small scale incinerator (the release intensity of PAHs and BTEXs in the incineration flue gas is selected from the value at 850 鈩，
本文编号：2255513
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shengtaihuanjingbaohulunwen/2255513.html
