废旧涤棉织物的分离与回用

发布时间：2018-10-14 11:08

【摘要】：近年来,随着纺织纤维消费量持续增长,废旧纺织品也在不断增加。目前对其的处置方法以焚烧或填埋为主,不仅浪费资源,而且造成严重的环境问题。废旧纺织品的综合利用可以减少碳排放、降低能源消耗、节约了水资源和木材资源。因此废旧纺织品的资源化回收利用意义重大。本文选取废旧涤棉织物为原料,采用酸处理-机械粉碎两步法有效分离废旧涤棉织物的涤纶和棉纤维,研究了不同处理条件下硫酸对棉纤维回收率和涤纶回收率的影响;将回收的棉纤维经过碱化后与二硫化碳反应,合成纤维素黄原酸酯,将其应用于水溶液中镍离子的吸附。本文的主要研究内容包括:(1)对废旧涤棉织物进行了稀硫酸处理单因素试验,采用棉回收率和涤纶回收率作为指标,探讨处理温度、处理时间、硫酸质量分数对涤棉分离效果的影响,得到最优的处理条件。实验发现涤纶回收率与硫酸质量分数、处理温度、处理时间呈正相关。棉纤维回收率随酸处理条件的加剧,呈先增加后减小的趋势。在硫酸质量分数为10%,处理时间为40min,处理温度为95℃,机械粉碎时间为20min的条件下,棉纤维的回收率达到93.51%,涤纶的回收率达到98.1%。(2)探讨了稀硫酸处理的温度、时间、硫酸质量分数对棉纤维长度的影响及处理前后棉纤维细度的变化。另外通过显微镜观察、表面形态测试、红外光谱测试以及结晶度测试对分离回收的棉纤维和涤纶纤维进行了表征,并与处理前的涤纶和棉纤维的结构性能分析对比得:随着酸处理条件的加剧,棉纤维的长度和细度均不断减小,处理后回收的棉纤维的长度主要分布在0-300μm,其中最优酸处理条件下回收的棉纤维的长度主要分布在0-25μm,细度主要分布在0-20μm;处理后棉纤维被降解成粉末状,呈现出纤维素Ⅰ晶型,说明处理过程中并没有损坏棉纤维的晶型结构。处理前后的涤纶保持光滑平整的外观且分子结构基本无变化。(3)纤维素黄原酸酯的制备及对镍离子的吸附情况。以最优处理条件回收的棉纤维为原料,采用碱预处理和黄化处理合成纤维素黄原酸酯。镍离子的去除率和吸附量受初始pH值、初始镍离子浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间及吸附材料的投加量所影响,得到的最佳吸附条件为:初始浓度为0.8g/L、吸附剂量为0.4g、吸附时间为90min、温度为40℃、p H值为7.0。在此条件下吸附率和吸附量可达93.6%和18.72mg·g~(-1)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous growth of textile fiber consumption, waste textiles are also increasing. At present, the main disposal methods are incineration or landfill, which not only waste resources, but also cause serious environmental problems. The comprehensive utilization of waste textiles can reduce carbon emissions, reduce energy consumption and save water and wood resources. Therefore, the recycling and utilization of waste textiles is of great significance. In this paper, waste polyester cotton fabric was selected as raw material, and the effect of sulfuric acid treatment on cotton fiber recovery and polyester fiber recovery was studied by acid treatment and mechanical comminution two-step method to effectively separate polyester and cotton fiber from waste polyester cotton fabric. Cellulose xanthate was synthesized by alkali reaction of recovered cotton fiber with carbon disulfide and applied to the adsorption of nickel ions in aqueous solution. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the single factor experiment of waste polyester cotton fabric treatment with dilute sulfuric acid was carried out. The cotton recovery rate and polyester recovery rate were used as indexes to discuss the treatment temperature and treatment time. The effect of sulfuric acid content on the separation effect of polyester and cotton was studied and the optimum treatment conditions were obtained. It was found that the recovery rate of polyester fiber was positively correlated with the mass fraction of sulfuric acid, treatment temperature and treatment time. With the increase of acid treatment condition, the cotton fiber recovery increased first and then decreased. When the mass fraction of sulfuric acid is 10, the treatment time is 40 minutes, the treatment temperature is 95 鈩，

本文编号：2270274