羽绒精洗回用水质的检测及对羽绒品质的影响

发布时间：2018-10-22 12:58

【摘要】：精洗是羽绒加工中的高耗水环节,随着羽绒产量的不断增加和国内外市场对精洗羽绒品质的要求越来越严;精洗加工用水量和生产成本将会越来越高,精洗用水全部来自自来水越来越不符合企业发展的要求;所以对精洗羽绒排水进行必要的处理并回用于精洗工艺势在必行。但回用水与自来水水质存在很大的差异,本文通过对精洗羽绒排水、回用水、自来水的耗氧指数、透明度、含固率、洗涤发泡能力、稳泡性能、电导率、pH等指标测试分析,结果表明:自来水质明显优于回用水的,回用水质显著高于精洗羽绒未处理污水的,三者之间的洗涤发泡能力存在巨大差异,回用水的电导率、耗氧指数、透明度、pH、含固率、稳泡性能、发泡能力的检测体系能够有效准确的评价其水质质量、去污效能的优劣。通过对精洗回用水组成成分的分析探索,找出了主要成分对于水质洗涤发泡能力的影响规律,并对回用水精洗后的羽绒品质和羽绒的粉尘问题进行分析研究,找出回用水质的洗涤发泡性能与精洗羽绒品质的相关性,并对羽绒粉尘问题与精洗工艺的相关性进行了初探,进而得到较为合理的精洗工艺。具体研究内容如下:(1)采用单因素分析法探讨了主要成分物质对水质洗涤发泡能力的影响规律,盐分物质、水质硬度、油脂浓度、阴离子表面活性剂浓度均对水质洗涤发泡性能影响显著;当水质中含有的盐分物质浓度为0.5g/L左右,或含有的CaCl2浓度为0.lg/L左右,或含有的阴离子表面活性剂浓度为0.006g/L左右,它们分别对水质洗涤发泡能力的抑制作用达到最大;当水质中含有的油脂浓度为0.008g/L左右,其对水质洗涤发泡能力的抑制作用较为显著。(2)采用相同的精洗工艺,用不同的水质分别精洗羽绒,测试精洗后羽绒的品质;且用优化的工艺对羽绒进行精洗,测试精洗后羽绒的品质,实验结果表明:水质对于精洗羽绒的品质影响显著;在一定程度上,水质的发泡能力越高,其去污能力越强,相同工艺条件下,精洗后的羽绒品质较好。优化的工艺能够有效提高水质的洗涤发泡能力,进而能够有效的提高精洗后羽绒的品质。(3)通过对羽绒粉尘进行提取和溶解实验,以及对漂浮性粉尘的宏观形貌、微观断面形貌进行显微图像的采集与分析。实验结果表明:羽绒中的粉尘含量较低,粉尘可以分为可溶性、漂浮性两大类。漂浮性粉尘的宏观形貌类型主要有块状、杆状、丝状、不规则体状;漂浮性粉尘断口呈现平正整齐、层层剥离、原纤化、粉化等多种断面形貌,羽绒粉尘与羽绒精洗加工工艺和品质的有着密切的相关性。
[Abstract]:Fine washing is a high water consumption link in down processing. With the increasing production of down and the requirements of domestic and foreign markets for the quality of fine washing down, the water consumption and production cost of fine washing and processing will be higher and higher. All the water for fine washing comes from tap water, which is more and more not in line with the requirements of enterprise development, so it is imperative to treat the fine washing down drainage and reuse it in the fine washing process. However, there is a great difference between recycled water and tap water quality. This paper analyzes the indexes of fine washing down drainage, reusing water, tap water oxygen consumption index, transparency, solid content, washing foaming ability, foaming stability, conductivity, pH and so on. The results showed that the quality of tap water was obviously better than that of recycled water, and the water quality of recycled water was significantly higher than that of untreated sewage of fine washing down. There was a great difference in washing foaming ability among them. The conductivity, oxygen consumption index, transparency, and pH, solid content of recycled water were significantly different. The detection system of foam stability and foaming ability can evaluate the quality of water quality and decontamination efficiency effectively and accurately. Through the analysis and exploration of the composition of the fine washing and reusing water, the influence law of the main components on the washing foaming ability of the water quality was found out, and the quality of down and the dust problem of the down after the reuse water were analyzed and studied. The correlation between the washing foaming property of recycled water and the quality of fine washing down was found out, and the correlation between dusts and fine washing process was discussed, and a more reasonable fine washing process was obtained. The specific contents are as follows: (1) single factor analysis was used to study the influence of main components on the washing foaming ability of water quality, including salt, water hardness, oil concentration, etc. The concentration of anionic surfactants has a significant effect on the washing foaming performance of water, when the concentration of salt in water is about 0.5g/L, or the concentration of CaCl2 is about 0.lg/L, or the concentration of anionic surfactant is about 0.006g/L. When the concentration of oil in water is about 0.008g/L, the inhibitory effect on water quality washing foaming ability is obvious. (2) the same fine washing process is used. The quality of down after fine washing was tested with different water quality, and the quality of down after fine washing was tested with optimized technology. The experimental results showed that water quality had a significant effect on the quality of fine washing down. To a certain extent, the higher the foaming ability of water quality is, the stronger the decontamination ability is. Under the same technological conditions, the quality of fine washed down is better. The optimized process can effectively improve the washing and foaming ability of water quality, and then effectively improve the quality of down after fine washing. (3) through the extraction and dissolution experiments of down dust, as well as the macroscopic morphology of floating dust, The microscopic section morphology was collected and analyzed. The experimental results show that the dust content in down is low and the dust can be divided into two categories: soluble and floating. The macroscopic appearance types of floating dust mainly include block shape, rod shape, filamentous shape, irregular body shape; the fracture surface of floating dust presents a variety of cross-section morphology, such as plane and neat, layer by layer stripping, fibrillation, pulverization and so on. Down dust is closely related to the fine washing process and quality of down.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS941.775;X832

【参考文献】