基于水生无脊椎动物完整性指数的三江平原沼泽湿地健康评价
发布时间：2018-12-19 14:56
【摘要】：三江平原地处我国东北部,是我国淡水沼泽湿地的集中分布区,是重要的生态资源和环境保护屏障。随着环境变化和人类活动的影响,三江平原沼泽湿地面积丧失,湿地生态系统功能退化,健康受到严重威胁。2017年春季、夏季和秋季,对三江平原21处沼泽湿地水生无脊椎动物进行采样。分析目前三江平原沼泽湿地水生无脊椎动物群落结构特征。基于采样数据,在三江平原农业湿地生态区,构建三江平原沼泽湿地水生无脊椎动物完整性指数评价体系,评价三江平原沼泽生态健康状况。研究期间,共采集水生无脊椎动物6395头,隶属3门7纲16目54科93种,主要以水生昆虫和腹足纲为主。其中,水生昆虫占总物种数的70.21%。水生昆虫以鞘翅目、双翅目和蜻蜓目为主,分别占到29.41%、22.06%和16.18%。主要优势种为:纹沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus)、西伯利亚盘螺(Valvata sibirica)、光亮隔扁螺(Sgementina nitida)、乌苏里圆田螺(Cipangopaludina ussuriensis)、乌苏里豆螺(Bithynia ussuriensis)、离心旋螺(Gyraulus centrifugus)、摇蚊亚科(Chironominae sp)、划蝽科(Sigara sp)、囂科(Coenagrion sp)。不同季节优势种具有一定差异性。本研究表明,三江平原沼泽湿地水生无脊椎动物群落不同样点间物种组成差异较大。湿地水生无脊椎动物密度相对较低,特别是沼泽湿地受到干扰以后,密度出现大幅度下降。水生无脊椎动物物种多样性水平整体较高,不同样点间差异较大。通过对47个候选指标分布范围、判别能力和相关分析,最终确定水生无脊椎动物完整性指数核心指标由由总分类单元数(M1)、扁卷螺科%(M17)、龙虱科%(M27)、摇蚊科%(M30)4个参数构成。用3分法和比值法计算各生物参数值,并将各参数值加和得到水生无脊椎动物完整性指数值。判别能力分析表明,两种方法能较好地判别参照湿地和受损湿地状况(IQ=3),且具有很好的相关性(R=0.9436)。通过计算比较得出,比值法建立的健康标准评价沼泽湿地准确率优于三分法。基于此,我们采用比值法得到水生无脊椎动物完整性指数值。以参照湿地水生无脊椎动物完整性指数值的25%分位数作为健康基准值,≥25%分位数值,无干扰;对小于25%分位数的值3等分,确定三江平原沼泽湿地健康评价标准:2.69无干扰,1.79~2.69轻度干扰,0.9~1.79中度干扰,0~0.9重度干扰。整体上看,所调查的三江平原沼泽湿地有71.43%受到不同程度的干扰,其中42.86%受到了中重度干扰,28.57%属于无干扰。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang Plain is located in the northeast of China. It is a concentrated distribution area of freshwater swamp wetland and an important ecological resource and environmental protection barrier. With the impact of environmental change and human activities, the wetland area in Sanjiang Plain is lost, wetland ecosystem function is degraded, and health is seriously threatened. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled from 21 marsh wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The community structure characteristics of aquatic invertebrates in swamp wetlands in Sanjiang Plain were analyzed. Based on the sampling data, an evaluation system of aquatic invertebrate integrity index was constructed in the agricultural wetland ecological area of Sanjiang Plain to evaluate the ecological health of the swamp in Sanjiang Plain. During the study, 6395 aquatic invertebrates were collected, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 16 orders, 54 families and 93 species, mainly aquatic insects and gastropods. Among them, aquatic insects accounted for 70.21% of the total species. The aquatic insects were mainly Coleoptera, Diptera and dragonfly, accounting for 29.41% and 16.18% respectively. The main dominant species are (Parafossarulus striatulus), (Valvata sibirica), (Sgementina nitida), (Cipangopaludina ussuriensis), (Bithynia ussuriensis), (Gyraulus centrifugus), (Chironominae sp),. (Coenagrion sp). Of (Sigara sp), 's family Pentatomidae There are some differences among the dominant species in different seasons. The results show that the species composition of aquatic invertebrate communities in the swamp wetland of Sanjiang Plain is quite different at different points. The density of aquatic invertebrates in wetlands is relatively low, especially after the disturbance of marsh wetlands, the density of aquatic invertebrates decreases significantly. The species diversity level of aquatic invertebrates is higher as a whole, and there is a great difference between different points. According to the distribution range of 47 candidate indexes, discriminant ability and correlation analysis, the core indexes of the integrity index of aquatic invertebrates were determined by the number of total taxonomic units (M1), the percentage of snails (M17), and the percentage of lice (M27). Four parameters of Chironomidae% (M 30) were constructed. The values of biological parameters were calculated by the three-point method and the ratio method, and the integrality index values of aquatic invertebrates were obtained by adding the values of the parameters. The discriminant ability analysis showed that the two methods could distinguish the reference wetland from the damaged wetland (IQ=3) and had a good correlation (RV 0.9436). Through calculation and comparison, it is concluded that the accuracy of the health standard established by the ratio method is better than that of the three-point method. Based on this, we obtained the aquatic invertebrate integrity index by the ratio method. With reference to the wetland aquatic invertebrate integrity index value of 25 quartiles as the health reference value, 鈮，
本文编号：2387071
[Abstract]:Sanjiang Plain is located in the northeast of China. It is a concentrated distribution area of freshwater swamp wetland and an important ecological resource and environmental protection barrier. With the impact of environmental change and human activities, the wetland area in Sanjiang Plain is lost, wetland ecosystem function is degraded, and health is seriously threatened. Aquatic invertebrates were sampled from 21 marsh wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The community structure characteristics of aquatic invertebrates in swamp wetlands in Sanjiang Plain were analyzed. Based on the sampling data, an evaluation system of aquatic invertebrate integrity index was constructed in the agricultural wetland ecological area of Sanjiang Plain to evaluate the ecological health of the swamp in Sanjiang Plain. During the study, 6395 aquatic invertebrates were collected, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 16 orders, 54 families and 93 species, mainly aquatic insects and gastropods. Among them, aquatic insects accounted for 70.21% of the total species. The aquatic insects were mainly Coleoptera, Diptera and dragonfly, accounting for 29.41% and 16.18% respectively. The main dominant species are (Parafossarulus striatulus), (Valvata sibirica), (Sgementina nitida), (Cipangopaludina ussuriensis), (Bithynia ussuriensis), (Gyraulus centrifugus), (Chironominae sp),. (Coenagrion sp). Of (Sigara sp), 's family Pentatomidae There are some differences among the dominant species in different seasons. The results show that the species composition of aquatic invertebrate communities in the swamp wetland of Sanjiang Plain is quite different at different points. The density of aquatic invertebrates in wetlands is relatively low, especially after the disturbance of marsh wetlands, the density of aquatic invertebrates decreases significantly. The species diversity level of aquatic invertebrates is higher as a whole, and there is a great difference between different points. According to the distribution range of 47 candidate indexes, discriminant ability and correlation analysis, the core indexes of the integrity index of aquatic invertebrates were determined by the number of total taxonomic units (M1), the percentage of snails (M17), and the percentage of lice (M27). Four parameters of Chironomidae% (M 30) were constructed. The values of biological parameters were calculated by the three-point method and the ratio method, and the integrality index values of aquatic invertebrates were obtained by adding the values of the parameters. The discriminant ability analysis showed that the two methods could distinguish the reference wetland from the damaged wetland (IQ=3) and had a good correlation (RV 0.9436). Through calculation and comparison, it is concluded that the accuracy of the health standard established by the ratio method is better than that of the three-point method. Based on this, we obtained the aquatic invertebrate integrity index by the ratio method. With reference to the wetland aquatic invertebrate integrity index value of 25 quartiles as the health reference value, 鈮，
本文编号：2387071
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