高架道路周边建筑物灰尘重金属污染风险:以常州市为例

发布时间：2019-05-13 22:58

【摘要】：在常州环城高架道路两侧6个住宅小区不同楼层采集126个灰尘样品,测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr含量,分析其化学形态和垂直分布特征,采用富集系数和风险评价指数评价其污染程度和生物有效性,并进行潜在生态风险评价和健康风险评价.结果表明,灰尘中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr含量均值分别为181.95、709.99、211.24、2.76、101.59和257.55mg·kg-1,均远大于背景值.灰尘中Cd的富集系数为33.05,富集程度为强烈,Cu、Pb和Zn的富集程度为显著富集,它们可能受到自然源、交通源和区域废气传输的综合影响,Ni和Cr富集系数较低,可能主要受自然源影响.随楼层高度的上升,Cd含量呈增加趋势,Pb和Zn含量呈先增加后降低趋势,Cu含量无显著变化.Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb主要以活性态存在,生物有效性较高,Ni和Cr以残渣态为主,生物有效性较低.改进的潜在生态风险评价结果表明,Cd的潜在生态风险极高,对多元素的潜在生态风险起主导作用,且对高层楼的潜在生态风险较大,其它重金属潜在生态风险为中低级.健康风险评价结果表明,Cr对儿童的致癌风险超过安全阈值,其它重金属对成人与儿童致癌风险及非致癌风险均在安全域之内.
[Abstract]:126 dust samples were collected from different floors of 6 residential areas on both sides of Changzhou Huancheng Viaduct. The contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni and Cr were measured, and their chemical morphology and vertical distribution characteristics were analyzed. Enrichment coefficient and risk assessment index were used to evaluate the pollution degree and bioavailability, and potential ecological risk assessment and health risk assessment were carried out. The results showed that the average contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni and Cr in dust were 181.95709.99211.24, and 2.76101.59 and 257.55mg kg-1, were much higher than the background values, respectively. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in dust is 33.05, the enrichment degree is strong, and the enrichment degree of Cu,Pb and Zn is significantly enriched. They may be affected by the comprehensive influence of natural sources, traffic sources and regional waste gas transport, while the enrichment coefficients of Ni and Cr are low. It may be mainly affected by natural sources. With the increase of floor height, the content of Cd increased, the content of Pb and Zn increased at first and then decreased, but the content of Cu did not change significantly. Zn, Cd,Cu and Pb mainly existed in active state, bioavailability was higher, Ni and Cr were mainly residual. Bioavailability is low. The results of improved potential ecological risk assessment show that the potential ecological risk of Cd is very high, which plays a leading role in the potential ecological risk of multi-element, and the potential ecological risk to high-rise buildings is large, and the potential ecological risk of other heavy metals is medium and low. The results of health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk of Cr in children exceeded the safety threshold, and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of other heavy metals to adults and children were within the safety domain.
【作者单位】：常州大学环境与安全工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41641032) 江苏省政策引导类计划(产学研合作)——前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2015027-08) 江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目
【分类号】：X513

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