土地利用变化为主的景观格局与河流健康的剂量响应关系研究
发布时间：2020-10-26 21:31
河流对人类社会发展有重要意义,既为人类提供食物、工农业生活用水、交通、商业、休闲娱乐等诸多服务功能,也为生物圈物质循环提供重要通道。近年来,随着人口急剧增长和社会经济规模的非理性扩增,河流生态系统承受了前所未有的压力。在全球范围内,河流生态系统退化已成为重要的环境问题。如何合理有度的开发河流水资源,如何实现对河流健康的准确、定量、快速评估和预测,如何有效开展河流生态修复,实现河流生态系统的健康可持续发展,已成为当前的研究热点。本文以淮河流域水生态系统为研究对象,在流域水生态功能分区的基础上,选择具相似自然背景的典型子流域作为重点研究对象,运用景观生态学、河流生态学、GIS和统计学方法,以水环境调研数据、高精度土地利用数据、水文水利数据和社会经济数据为平台,探讨不同尺度下以土地利用景观格局变化为主的人类活动对河流生态系统的影响,分辨驱动河流生态系统各组分的主要因子,识别人为活动干扰生态系统各组分的特征作用尺度,最后建立各组分与其主要驱动因子的剂量响应曲线,为快速、准确的评价和预测河流生态系统健康状态,制定经济、合理、高效的河流生态修复对策提供理论依据。主要研究内容与结论如下:(1)运用生态学、水文学和水资源学原理和方法,在广泛收集数据和实地调查基础上,探讨了淮河流域水质、土地利用、经济发展状况的空间异质性,采用国内外相关生态分区理论方法,结合淮河流域水生态环境特征,将淮河流域划分为5个水生态功能区,16个水生态功能亚区,其中一级分区反映水资源空间分布特征的异质性,二级分区反映生物栖息地生境特征的空间异质性,并在此基础上选择位于同一生态亚区,具相似自然背景、受不同程度人类活动干扰的贾鲁河和沙河两大河流生态系统作为研究对象,为下一步开展河流生态系统对人类活干扰的剂量响应研究提供基础,也为流域管理部门提供信息平台和管理手段。(2)以土地利用景观格局变化作为表征人类活动的主要指标,探讨不同尺度下影响河流生态系统各组分的主要驱动因子及其侧向特征响应尺度;农田是贾鲁河和沙河两个流域的主要土地利用类型,城镇用地在两个子流域的占比较小,却是影响两个河流生态系统水质变化的主要驱动因子;在贾鲁河,水质对土地利用景观格局的侧向特征响应尺度是河滨带60m,而沙河水质的特征尺度是流域尺度;底栖生物与侧向不同尺度上的贾鲁河土地利用景观格局变化无明显直接关系,仅与沙河的林地占比变化有一定负相关,但与两条河流的河道水流特征、河床粒径以及物理生境变化极显著相关,因此河道内的垂向尺度是其响应特征尺度。(3)河流是一个变化的连续体,在已知侧向特征尺度上,需进一步探讨纵向尺度上河流生态系统对周边土地利用景观格局的响应;贾鲁河上游河段是其水质污染的主要来源,自上游到下游,其水质污染状况有所好转,城镇化加剧是水质污染的主要驱动因素,其与主要水质污染指标的剂量响应曲线显示,保持低于50%的城镇用地占比,可适当减缓贾鲁河的水质恶化状况;沙河的水质状况总体良好,明显优于贾鲁河,但中下游河段的城镇化加剧仍是影响沙河水质的主要因素,控制中游河段的污染输入,可缓解沙河面临的水质富营养化威胁,主要水质污染指标与城镇占比的响应曲线指出,控制周边的城镇化占比低于20%,有助于维护沙河现有的水生态系统健康。根据本研究结果可知,不同河流生态系统、河流生态系统的不同组分,均受不同尺度的生态过程调控,其主要驱动因子和特征响应尺度各异,单一尺度无法准确反映生态系统对景观格局变化为主的人为活动的响应,河流生态修复应针对不同生态因子、生态过程,选择其特征响应尺度,经济、有效的开展生态修复工程。传统经验模型有一定的局限性,需结合共线性和空间自相关性分析,才能准确明晰流域土地利用景观格局变化与河流生态系统响应关系。
【学位单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位年份】：2013
【中图分类】：X171.1
【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 THE STATUS OF FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEM TODAY
1.2 HUMAN IMPACTS ON FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEM
1.3 BIOASSESSMENT AND RESTORATIONS
1.4 LINEAR OR NON-LINEAR DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE
1.5 LAND USE/LAND COVER
1.6 SCALE
1.7 EMPIRICAL MODELS
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS
2.3 RESEARCH CONTENTS
2.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
2.5 RESEARCH CLUES
CHAPTER 3 SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AND ECOLOGICAL REGIONALIZATION IN HUAI RIVER BASIN
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 METHODS
3.2.1 Sampling and field surveys
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Spatial distribution of water nutrients
Discussion
Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 RESPONSE OF STREAM ECOSYSTEM TO LANDSCAPE AT MULTIPLE LATERAL SPATIAL SCALES IN TWO RIVER ECOSYSTEMS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 METHODS
4.2.1 Study area description
4.2.2 Sampling and field surveys
4.2.3 Water quality measurements
4.2.4 Channel physical and chemical characteristics
4.2.5 Macroinvertebrate assemblage and in-stream habitat assessment
4.2.6 Land use/cover analysis
4.2.7 Data analysis
4.3 RESULTS （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
4.3.1 Land use/cover distribution at multiple scales
4.3.2 Spatial land use/cover pattern in collinearity
4.3.3 Environmental characteristics and ecological response variables
4.3.4 Relationship between landscape and river ecosystem
4.3.5 Effect of spatial scale on river ecosystem
4.3.6 RDA results
4.3.7 Mantel and partial mantel test results
4.3.8 Associations between biotic measures and in-stream habitat variables
4.4 DISCUSSION （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
4.4.1 Prime predictor for water quality
4.4.2 Prime predictors for macroinvertebrales
4.4.3 Scale
4.4.4 Collinearity and spatial autocorrelation
4.5 RESULTS （SHA RIVER BASIN）
4.5.1 Land use/cover distribution at multiple scales
4.5.2 Spatial land use/cover pattern in collinearity
4.5.3 Environmental characteristics and ecological response variables
4.5.4 Relationship between landscape and river ecosystem
4.5.5 Effect of spatial scale on river ecosystem
4.5.6 RDA results
4.5.7 Mantel and partial mantel test results
4.5.8 Associations between biotic measures and in-stream habitat variables
4.6 DISCUSSION (SHARIVER BASIN
4.6.1 Prime predictor for water quality
4.6.2 Prime predictors for macroinvertebrates
4.6.3 Scale
4.6.4 Collinearity and spatial autocorrelation
CHAPTER 5 LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY TO LANDSCAPE GRADIENTS ALONG JIALU RIVER AND SHA RIVER
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 METHODS
5.2.1 Study area and sampling mehods
5.2.2 Statistic analyze
5.3 RESULTS （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
5.3.1 Land use
5.3.2 Physical and hydrological conditions
5.3.3 Water quality
5.3.4 RDA results
5.3.5 GAMS for water quality
5.4 DISCUSSION （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
5.5 RESULTS （SHA RIVER BASIN）
5.5.1 Land use
5.5.2 Physical and hydrological conditions
5.5.3 Water quality
5.5.4 RDA results
5.5.5 GAMS for water quality
5.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND INNOVATIONS AND PROSPECT
6.1 CONCLUSIONS
6.2 PROSPECTS
REFERENCE
攻博期间撰写、发表学术论文及参加的科研项目
完成论文情况
参加项目情况
致谢
本文编号：2857542
【学位单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位年份】：2013
【中图分类】：X171.1
【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 THE STATUS OF FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEM TODAY
1.2 HUMAN IMPACTS ON FLUVIAL ECOSYSTEM
1.3 BIOASSESSMENT AND RESTORATIONS
1.4 LINEAR OR NON-LINEAR DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE
1.5 LAND USE/LAND COVER
1.6 SCALE
1.7 EMPIRICAL MODELS
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS
2.3 RESEARCH CONTENTS
2.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
2.5 RESEARCH CLUES
CHAPTER 3 SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AND ECOLOGICAL REGIONALIZATION IN HUAI RIVER BASIN
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 METHODS
3.2.1 Sampling and field surveys
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 RESULTS
3.3.1 Spatial distribution of water nutrients
Discussion
Conclusions
CHAPTER 4 RESPONSE OF STREAM ECOSYSTEM TO LANDSCAPE AT MULTIPLE LATERAL SPATIAL SCALES IN TWO RIVER ECOSYSTEMS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 METHODS
4.2.1 Study area description
4.2.2 Sampling and field surveys
4.2.3 Water quality measurements
4.2.4 Channel physical and chemical characteristics
4.2.5 Macroinvertebrate assemblage and in-stream habitat assessment
4.2.6 Land use/cover analysis
4.2.7 Data analysis
4.3 RESULTS （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
4.3.1 Land use/cover distribution at multiple scales
4.3.2 Spatial land use/cover pattern in collinearity
4.3.3 Environmental characteristics and ecological response variables
4.3.4 Relationship between landscape and river ecosystem
4.3.5 Effect of spatial scale on river ecosystem
4.3.6 RDA results
4.3.7 Mantel and partial mantel test results
4.3.8 Associations between biotic measures and in-stream habitat variables
4.4 DISCUSSION （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
4.4.1 Prime predictor for water quality
4.4.2 Prime predictors for macroinvertebrales
4.4.3 Scale
4.4.4 Collinearity and spatial autocorrelation
4.5 RESULTS （SHA RIVER BASIN）
4.5.1 Land use/cover distribution at multiple scales
4.5.2 Spatial land use/cover pattern in collinearity
4.5.3 Environmental characteristics and ecological response variables
4.5.4 Relationship between landscape and river ecosystem
4.5.5 Effect of spatial scale on river ecosystem
4.5.6 RDA results
4.5.7 Mantel and partial mantel test results
4.5.8 Associations between biotic measures and in-stream habitat variables
4.6 DISCUSSION (SHARIVER BASIN
4.6.1 Prime predictor for water quality
4.6.2 Prime predictors for macroinvertebrates
4.6.3 Scale
4.6.4 Collinearity and spatial autocorrelation
CHAPTER 5 LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY TO LANDSCAPE GRADIENTS ALONG JIALU RIVER AND SHA RIVER
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 METHODS
5.2.1 Study area and sampling mehods
5.2.2 Statistic analyze
5.3 RESULTS （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
5.3.1 Land use
5.3.2 Physical and hydrological conditions
5.3.3 Water quality
5.3.4 RDA results
5.3.5 GAMS for water quality
5.4 DISCUSSION （JIALU RIVER BASIN）
5.5 RESULTS （SHA RIVER BASIN）
5.5.1 Land use
5.5.2 Physical and hydrological conditions
5.5.3 Water quality
5.5.4 RDA results
5.5.5 GAMS for water quality
5.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND INNOVATIONS AND PROSPECT
6.1 CONCLUSIONS
6.2 PROSPECTS
REFERENCE
攻博期间撰写、发表学术论文及参加的科研项目
完成论文情况
参加项目情况
致谢
本文编号：2857542
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