长江河口大型底栖动物疑难种修订及河口种形成机理初探

发布时间：2017-12-27 14:26

本文关键词：长江河口大型底栖动物疑难种修订及河口种形成机理初探　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：长江河口大型底栖动物是长江河口生态系统重要组成部分。在正确鉴定与分类的基础上,才能正确开展对长江河口大型底栖动物群落结构的研究,研究其生理机制、环境毒理效应。另一方面,从生物地理学的角度,对河口从淡水、咸淡水到海水随盐度梯度变化分布的近缘物种应鉴定准确,才能更好研究其分布地和生境。在前述研究的基础上,建立系统发育关系和估算近缘种分化时间,才能深入探究生物多样性的成因。本研究基于长江口湿地生态系统野外监测研究站标本馆馆藏大型底栖动物标本和部分补充标本,利用传统形态特征分类与DNA条形码技术相结合的方法对其中部分疑难种进行重新鉴定。传统形态特征分类中,我们通过比较长江河口标本与近缘物种标本或文献中近缘物种的重要分类特征,给予疑难物种重新描述与形态分类。利用DNA分子序列测定技术,对这些物种线粒体COI基因和16sRNA基因、细胞核18sRNA基因及28sRNA基因进行了分子系统发育分析,给予疑难种修订以证据。本研究在以下2个方面取得进展:1、运用形态特征分类与DNA分子序列分析结合的方法,厘清了长江河口大型底栖动物部分疑难种。修订结果为:圆锯齿吻沙蚕Dentinephtys glabra(Hartman,1950),实为光洁齿吻沙蚕Nephtys glabra Hartman,1950;河蚬 Corbicula fluminea(O.F.Muller,1774),实为刻纹蚬Corbicula largillierti(Philippi,1844);日本旋卷蜾赢蜚Corophium volutator(Pallas,1766),实为东滩华蜾赢蜚Sinocorophium dongtanense RenLiu,2014;光背节鞭水虱 Synidotea laevidorsalis Miers,1881,实为宽尾节鞭水虱Synidotea laticauda Benedict,1897;雷伊著名团水虱Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt,1969,实为中华著名团水虱Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis(Tattersall,1921);无齿螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes dehaani(H.Milne-Edwards,1853),实为隐秘螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantesneglectum(De Man,1887);红色体色谭氏泥蟹Ilyoplax deschampsi(Rathbun,1913)实为种内变异,隐存种怀疑不成立。2、针对长江河口一些大型底栖动物分布于河口的客观现象,从地域角度提出河口种的概念。河口种包括:光洁齿吻沙蚕Nephtys glabra Hartman,1950,刻纹蚬 Corbicula largillierti(Philippi,1844),东滩华蜾赢蜚 Sinocorophium dongtanense RenLiu,2014,中华著名团水虱 Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis(Tattersall,1921),凹尾棒鞭水虱Cleantioides emarginata KwonKim,1992,崇西水虱 Chongxidotea annandalei(Tattersall,1921),宽尾节鞭水虱Synidotea laticauda Benedict,1897,安氏白虾Exopalaemon annandalei(Kemp,1917),脊尾白虾 Exopalaemon carinicauda(Holthuis,1950),葛氏长臂虾 Palaemon gravieri(Yu,1930),隐秘螳臂相手蟹 Chiromantes neglectum(De Man,1887),谭氏泥蟹 Ilyoplax deschampsi(Rathbun,1913)。通过贝叶斯方法,构建河口种与近缘海洋种分化时间树,估算出河口种与近缘海洋种的分化时间,对比海侵自然地质事件发生时间,从海侵、海退和生物滞留等原因解释长江河口种的形成机理。长江河口大型底栖动物疑难种修订既是长江口标本多年大量积累与不断补充的坚持,又是在对相关物种分类研究新进展不断关注中进行的一项基础性工作。该项工作的完成,有助于发现被忽视的科学研究问题,也可以帮助相关学科正确深入推进,同时对于生产生活也有一定的实际意义。本研究中,利用DNA分子序列估算河口种与近缘海洋种的分化时间进而初步解释河口种的形成机理,是长江河口大型底栖动物生物多样性成因的一次探究,对未来生物多样性研究有积极的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:The large benthic Zoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary are an important component of the Yangtze estuary ecosystem. Based on correct identification and classification, we can correctly carry out the research on macroinvertebrate community structure in Yangtze Estuary, and study its physiological mechanism and environmental toxicology effect. On the other hand, from the perspective of biogeography, the closely related species of the estuaries from fresh water, salty fresh water to seawater with salinity gradient should be identified accurately, so as to better study their distribution and habitats. On the basis of the previous studies, the development of phylogenetic relationship and the estimation of the differentiation time of the proximal species can be used to explore the causes of biodiversity. Based on the Yangtze River estuary wetland ecosystem field monitoring research station, the collection of macrozoobenthos specimens and some supplementary specimens were collected in the Herbarium. By using traditional morphological feature classification and DNA barcode technology, some of the difficult species were re identified. In the traditional morphological classification, we compared the important classification characteristics of the Changjiang Estuary specimens and closely related species specimens or closely related species, giving the difficult species re description and morphological classification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI genes and 16sRNA genes, nuclear 18sRNA genes and 28sRNA genes in these species were carried out by using DNA molecular sequencing technology. The research progresses in the following 2 aspects: 1. Using morphological feature classification and DNA molecular sequence analysis method, we clarified some difficult species of macrozoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary. Results: saw tooth revision Dentinephtys glabra kiss Nereis (Hartman, 1950), is Nephtys glabra Hartman smooth tooth kiss lobworm, 1950; Corbicula fluminea (O.F.Muller, c.fluminea, 1774) is etched Corbicula largillierti Xian (Philippi, 1844); Japan convolute Guo and Corophium volutator win (Pallas, 1766), it is Guo Hua Dong Tan and Sinocorophium dongtanense won RenLiu, 2014; Synidotea laevidorsalis back light whip Epicaridea Miers, 1881, is the wide tail whip Synidotea Laticauda water Benedict, 1897; Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt famous sphaeroma Rey, 1969, is the famous sphaeroma Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis (Tattersall, 1921); no tooth Mantis arm hand crab Chiromantes dehaani (H.Milne-Edwards, 1853), is the secret chiromantes Chiromantesneglectum (De Man, 1887); the red color ilyoplax deschampsi (Rathb Ilyoplax deschampsi UN, 1913) is intraspecific variation, and the hidden species is doubted. 2. In view of the objective phenomena of some large benthic animals distributed in the estuary of the Changjiang Estuary, the concept of estuarine species is proposed from a regional point of view. Estuarine species include: Nephtys glabra Hartman smooth tooth kiss lobworm, 1950 Corbicula largillierti, Corbicula largillierti (Philippi, 1844), Hua Guo Dong Tan and Sinocorophium dongtanense won RenLiu, 2014, the Chinese famous sphaeroma Gnorimosphaeroma chinensis (Tattersall, 1921), Cleantioides emarginata tail whip rod concave water KwonKim, 1992, Chongxi water Chongxidotea annandalei (Tattersall, 1921), wide tail whip creature Synidotea Laticauda Benedict, Exopalaemon annandalei 1897, Exopalaemon annandalei (Kemp, 1917), carincauda Exopalaemon carinicauda (Holthuis, 1950) Palaemon gravieri, Palaemon gravieri (Yu, 1930), secret chiromantes Chiromantes neglectum (De Man, 1887 ilyoplax deschampsi), Ilyoplax deschampsi (Rathbun, 1913). By Bayesian method, construct the estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time tree, estimate the estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time, comparison of natural geological events of transgression, the reason of transgression and regression and explain the formation mechanism of bioretention species in the Changjiang estuary. The revision of the difficult species of Macrobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary is not only a persistence in the Yangtze River Estuary specimens for many years, but also a basic work in the continuous attention of the new progress in the classification and research of related species. The completion of this work will help to discover neglected scientific research questions, and help relevant disciplines to further advance properly, and at the same time, it has practical significance for production and life. In this study, estimation of estuarine species and related marine species differentiation time and explain the initial formation mechanism of estuarine species using DNA sequence, is a study of Yangtze River Estuary benthic animal biodiversity causes, there is a positive reference for future research on biodiversity.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q959

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