基于轻小型无人机的航空摄影测量技术在高陡边坡几何信息勘察中的应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 03:38

本文关键词：基于轻小型无人机的航空摄影测量技术在高陡边坡几何信息勘察中的应用研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着时代的不断发展,技术的不断进步和创新,我们工作生活的各个方面都有了飞跃式提高,人性化、智能化、数字化的不断完善,一些传统手段无法解决、比较困难的问题得以解决,复杂问题得以简化。高陡边坡稳定性评价一直是岩石力学,工程地质学和地质灾害等领域内的重要课题之一。准确、可靠、完整、详细的高陡边坡几何信息的获取在评估其稳定性方面起着至关重要的作用。然而,在科技日新月异的今天,地质勘察的主要手段还以罗盘、皮尺等方式现场采集数据,这些方法工作量大、效率低,有时还要面临极大的危险。一些场地坡高边陡,调查人员无法直接到达不得不放弃调查,或者根据经验进行估计,如此得到的数据准确性得不到保证。山高坡陡的地质勘察工作艰苦并且危险,大多数时候,由于施工期紧张,开挖,支护,运输等工作经常同时进行,很难为调查人员提供充足的时间和足够的安全空间进行详细准确及时的现场调查。另外,近年来我国大部分工程是在山区进行的,高陡边坡的调查处治大多数时候成为该项目的首要任务。综上及时准确的获取高陡边坡几何信息显得至关重要。面对以上问题无疑是给地质岩土勘查工作者习以为常的传统勘察手段提出了挑战与新的要求。最近几年也有学者提出了不同的与时俱进的方法和思路,如数字近景摄影测量,三维激光扫描仪等,尝试来取代传统的测量方法,这些方法也存在一定得不便性。本文以万元以下消费级小型无人机倾斜航拍获取高陡边坡影像为出发点,通过PIX4D航拍影像解译软件对图像进行解译,再对获取的三维坐标数据进行精度评定,进而进行不同坐标系下的数据转换以及岩体结构面产状,岩体几何尺寸等几何信息的计算,最后结合工程实例对危岩体勘察评价。本文的方法有效降低了地质勘察的经济成本、人力成本、提高了勘察精度,为地质工作者提供了便利。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the times and the continuous progress and innovation of technology, all aspects of our work and life have been improved by leaps and bounds, humanization, intelligence and digitization, some traditional means can not be solved. The more difficult problems can be solved and the complex problems can be simplified. The stability evaluation of high and steep slopes has been one of the important topics in the fields of rock mechanics engineering geology and geological hazards. It is accurate reliable and complete. The acquisition of detailed geometric information of high and steep slopes plays an important role in evaluating the stability of slopes. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, the main means of geological exploration is still compass. The methods of collecting data on the spot, such as pickets, are heavy workload, low efficiency, and sometimes face great danger. Some site slopes are so steep that the investigators cannot reach them directly and have to give up the investigation. Or according to the experience to estimate, so the accuracy of the data can not be guaranteed. Mountain slope steep geological survey work is arduous and dangerous, most of the time, because of the construction period is tight, excavation, support. Transportation and other work are often carried out at the same time, it is difficult to provide sufficient time and safe space for investigators to carry out detailed, accurate and timely on-site investigation. In addition, in recent years, most of the projects in our country are carried out in mountain areas. The investigation and treatment of high and steep slope is the primary task of this project most of the time. It is very important to obtain geometric information of high steep slope in time and accurately. In recent years, some scholars have put forward different methods and ideas to keep pace with the times. Such as digital close-range photogrammetry, three-dimensional laser scanner and so on, trying to replace the traditional measurement methods. These methods are also inconvenient. In this paper, the image is interpreted by PIX4D image interpretation software, which is based on the inclined aerial photography of small UAV below 10,000 yuan to obtain the image of high and steep slope. Then the accuracy of the obtained 3D coordinate data is evaluated, and then the data conversion in different coordinate systems and the calculation of geometric information such as the occurrence of rock mass structure plane and the geometric size of rock mass are carried out. The method in this paper can effectively reduce the economic cost and manpower cost of geological survey, improve the precision of survey, and provide convenience for geological workers.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P231;TU195.1

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