辽宁省三种海岸类型典型防护林改良土壤效果的研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 02:24

本文关键词：辽宁省三种海岸类型典型防护林改良土壤效果的研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以辽宁省3种海岸类型的19种典型沿海防护林为研究对象,通过调查不同林分类型样地的情况及测定样地土壤的理化性质、林下枯落物特性及林下草本植物多样性,对比分析了辽宁省3种海岸类型中不同林分类型对土壤的改良效果,以期充分发挥海防林对土壤的改良作用,为辽宁省3种不同海岸类型海防林的科学营造及养护管理提供依据,从而进一步完善海防林体系的建设,结果表明:(1)沙质海岸典型防护林中,油松纯林、油松刺槐混交林、杨树纯林、刺槐近熟林、刺槐中龄林、刺槐幼龄林均能降低土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、pH值;增加土壤含水量、全氮量、有效磷含量。刺槐纯林对土壤的改良效果最好,土壤含水量增加62.9%、全氮增加28.5%、有效磷增加314.4%、pH值降低36.1%。杨树纯林的枯落物蓄积量最大,为13.50t/hm2;刺槐幼龄林总蓄积量最小,为8.76t/hm2。不同林分枯落物未分解层、半分解层的蓄积量所占比例不同,但均表现为未分解层所占比例小于半分解层。不同林分类型草本植物多样性有一定的差异,油松刺槐混交林的草本植物多样性效果最好,丰富度指数与毛管孔隙度呈显著负相关,Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数与pH值呈显著负相关。(2)基岩质海岸典型防护林中,侧柏纯林、刺槐纯林、辽东栎纯林、辽东栎赤松混交林均能增加土壤的全氮、有效磷和有机质含量,4种林分改良土壤化学性质的能力依次为:侧柏纯林辽东栎赤松混交林刺槐纯林辽东栎纯林,其中侧柏纯林土壤的全氮、有效磷、有机质含量分别为4.23g·kg-1、4.22mg·kg-1、56.76g·kg-1。辽东栎赤松混交林的蓄积量最大,为25.53t/hm2;辽东栎纯林的持水能力最好,最大持水量、有效拦截量分别为 62.38t/hm2、51.77t/hm2。(3)泥质海岸典型防护林中,白蜡纯林、刺槐纯林、白榆近熟林、群众杨纯林、小胡杨刺槐混交林、白榆幼龄林、辽宁杨纯林、小胡杨紫穗槐混交林、小胡杨纯林均能改良0～40cm 土层的土壤的理化性质,且0～20cm 土层的改良效果优于20～40cm,林龄越大改良效果越明显。在枯落物持水能力方面,小胡杨紫穗槐混交林的效果最好,最大持水量和有效拦截量分别为11.58t/hm2、9.07t/hm2。整体来看,白蜡纯林、白榆纯林、小胡杨紫穗槐混交林、小胡杨刺槐混交林对土壤的改良效果最好。(4)对3种海岸类型典型防护林的对比分析表明,3种海岸类型防护林内土壤化学性质、枯落物蓄积量及枯落物持水能力均表现为基岩质海岸最好,沙质海岸次之,泥质海岸最差。
[Abstract]:Taking 19 typical coastal shelterbelts of three coastal types in Liaoning Province as the research object, the physical and chemical properties of soil were determined by investigating the situation of different stand types and measuring the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The characteristics of litter and the diversity of understory herbaceous plants were compared and analyzed in order to give full play to the effect of coastal forest on soil improvement in three coastal types of Liaoning Province. It provides the basis for scientific construction and conservation management of three different coastal types of coastal defense forests in Liaoning Province, and further improves the construction of coastal defense forest system. The results show that pure Pinus tabulaeformis forest is one of the typical shelterbelts on sandy coast. Mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis Robinia pseudoacacia, pure poplar forest, near mature Robinia pseudoacacia forest, middle age Robinia pseudoacacia forest and young Robinia pseudoacacia forest can reduce soil bulk density, capillary porosity, total porosity and pH value. Soil water content, total nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were increased. The effect of soil improvement was best in pure Robinia pseudoacacia forest. Soil water content increased 62.9%, total nitrogen increased 28.55.The available phosphorus increased 314.4%. The pH value decreased by 36.1. The litter volume of pure poplar forest was the largest, 13.50 t / hm ~ 2; The total storage of young Robinia pseudoacacia stands was the smallest, 8.76 t / hm ~ (2). The proportion of litter undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer was different in different stands. But the proportion of undecomposable layer is smaller than that of semi-decomposed layer. There are some differences in the diversity of herbaceous plants in different stand types, and the effect of herbaceous diversity in mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia is the best. The richness index was negatively correlated with capillary porosity. The Pielou evenness index and the diversity index of Simpson were negatively correlated with pH value. Pure forest of Platycladus orientalis, pure forest of Robinia pseudoacacia, pure forest of Quercus liaotungensis and mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis can increase the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in soil. The ability of improving soil chemical properties of 4 stands was as follows: pure forest of Platycladus orientalis, pure forest of Pinus liaotungensis, pure forest of Robinia pseudoacacia, pure forest of Quercus liaotungensis, and total nitrogen and available phosphorus of pure forest of Platycladus orientalis. The content of organic matter was 4.23 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 4.22 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) respectively. The water holding capacity of pure Quercus liaotungensis forest is the best, the maximum water holding capacity and the effective interception amount are 62.38 t / hm ~ (2) and 51.77 t / hm ~ (2.3) respectively) in the typical shelterbelt of muddy coast, pure white wax forest is found. Robinia pseudoacacia pure forest, white elm near mature forest, people Yang Chunlin, Populus euphratica mixed forest, young white elm forest, Liaoning Yang Chunlin, Populus euphratica Amorpha acacia mixed forest. All pure Populus euphratica forests could improve the physical and chemical properties of 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer, and the improvement effect of 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer was better than that of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer. In the aspect of water holding capacity of litter, the mixed forest of Populus euphratica Amorpha fruticosa had the best effect, the maximum water holding capacity and the effective interception capacity were 11.58 t / hm ~ 2 respectively. 9.07 t / hm 2. Overall, pure white wax forest, pure elm forest, Populus euphratica Amorpha fruticosa mixed forest. The comparison and analysis of three types of typical shelterbelts of Populus euphratica showed that the chemical properties of soil in the three types of shelterbelts were different. The litter accumulation and litter water holding capacity were the best in bedrock coast, followed by sandy coast and muddy coast.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S714.6

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