改良剂对旱地红壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-01-01 10:32

本文关键词：改良剂对旱地红壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响　出处：《南昌工程学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对江西旱地红壤肥力低下,生产力不高,土壤固碳不强等突出问题,基于长期野外旱地红壤定位试验,试验设置生物质炭和过氧化钙单施及配施9个处理,即CK、C0Ca1、C0Ca2、C1Ca0、C2Ca0、C1Ca1、C1Ca2、C2Ca1、C2Ca2,研究改良剂(生物质炭和过氧化钙)对旱地红壤活性有机碳、与碳代谢相关酶活性、微生物群落结构和作物产量的影响,可为旱地红壤改良、提高红壤肥力和增加作物产量提供理论基础和参考价值。主要研究结果如下:(1)生物质炭单施及与过氧化钙配施均在一定程度上提高了旱地红壤有机碳及活性碳组分,且效果优于单施过氧化钙。C2Ca0、C2Ca1和C2Ca2处理土壤有机碳增加较显著。生物质炭和过氧化钙显著提高土壤活性有机碳组分,其中C1Ca0处理的微生物量碳平均增加了45.22%,C1Ca2处理的可溶性有机碳平均增加了21.34%,C1Ca0处理的颗粒有机碳平均增加了20.72%,C2Ca2处理的易氧化有机碳平均增加了22.19%。生物质炭和过氧化钙对提高碳库管理指数均有较好的效果,0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层分别平均增加了11.09%、14.07%。(2)各处理均不同程度地提高了铁铝键结合态有机碳和钙键结合态有机碳,这有利于旱地红壤有机碳的积累和稳定,尤其是对0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层土壤影响效果显著。施用生物质炭对提高铁铝键结合态有机碳含量的效果优于单施过氧化钙,以C2Ca0处理效果较好;各处理在0—60 cm各土层钙键结合态有机碳含量平均增加约41.11%、52.42%、10.17%、7.55%,且配施效果优于单施生物质炭。(3)添加生物质炭对旱地红壤酶活性均有促进作用,且对0—10 cm土层土壤酶的影响较10—20 cm土层明显;配施(C2Ca2)明显提高旱地红壤淀粉酶、纤维素酶和β-葡糖苷酶活性,且分别平均增加约7.01%、3.41%和16.33%,C1Ca1明显提高红壤蔗糖酶活性,增加约66.13%。(4)施用改良剂能提高旱地红壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)总量,还可以改善微生物群落结构,单施生物质炭处理及与过氧化钙配施处理效果优于单施过氧化钙处理。在0—10 cm、10—20 cm土层土壤革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的相对丰度较大,为优势菌种,其次为放线菌。(5)施用生物质炭和过氧化钙均有利于旱地红壤作物产量的提高,单施生物质炭对红薯产量效果优于单施过氧化钙,且配施效果更好。总之,施加改良剂可以改善土壤有机碳组分和微生物群落结构,提高土壤与碳代谢相关酶活性,有效增加作物产量和经济效益。
[Abstract]:In Jiangxi red soil fertility is low, productivity is not high, the soil carbon sequestration is not strong, long-term field experiment based on soil test set, biomass carbon and calcium peroxide single nitrogen fertilizer and 9 treatments, namely CK, C0Ca1, C0Ca2, C1Ca0, C2Ca0, C1Ca1, C1Ca2, C2Ca1, C2Ca2. Study on modifier (biomass carbon and calcium peroxide) on soil active organic carbon and carbon metabolism related enzyme activity, effect of microbial community structure and crop yield, for soil improvement, improve soil fertility and provide a theoretical basis and reference value to increase crop yield. The main results are as follows: (1) biomass carbon the single application of fertilizer and calcium peroxide were improved to a certain extent soil organic carbon and active carbon fractions, and the effect is better than the single application of calcium peroxide.C2Ca0, C2Ca1 and C2Ca2 of soil organic carbon increased significantly. The biomass carbon and oxygen Calcium significantly increased soil labile organic carbon fractions, the microbial biomass carbon C1Ca0 treatment increased by 45.22% on average, soluble organic carbon C1Ca2 treatment increased by 21.34% on average, particulate organic carbon C1Ca0 treatment increased by 20.72% on average, C2Ca2 treatment of easily oxidized organic carbon increased by an average of 22.19%. biomass carbon and calcium peroxide to improve have the good effect of carbon pool management index, 0 - 10 cm and 10 - 20 cm soil layer were increased by an average of 11.09%, 14.07%. (2) of all treatments increased the iron and aluminum bonded organic carbon and calcium - SOC, which is conducive to soil organic carbon accumulation and stability. Especially for the 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm soil. Significant effect of biochar application effect on organic carbon content increased iron and aluminum bond better than the single application of calcium peroxide to C2Ca0, better treatment effect; each treatment in 0 - 60 The depth of cm of calcium bond bound organic carbon content increased about 41.11%, 52.42%, 10.17%, 7.55%, and the fertilizer effect is better than single application of biochar. (3) adding biochar on soil enzyme activity were dry promoting effect, and 0 - 10 cm soil enzyme effect is 10 - 20 cm soil layer significantly fertilizer; (C2Ca2) increased significantly soil amylase, cellulase and glucosidase activity respectively, and the average increase of about 7.01%, 3.41% and 16.33%, C1Ca1 increased invertase activity in red soil, increase about 66.13%. (4) using modifying agent can improve the dry red soil microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) is the total can improve the microbial community structure, biomass carbon and single nitrogen fertilizer and calcium peroxide treatment effect is better than the single application of calcium peroxide treatment. In 0 - 10 cm, 10 - 20 cm soil layer of gram positive and gram negative bacteria abundance large, dominant bacteria A, followed by actinomycetes. (5) the application of biomass carbon and calcium peroxide were beneficial to soil to improve crop yields, the single application of biochar on the yield of sweet potato is better than the effect of single application of calcium peroxide, and the effect is better. In a word, adding modifiers can improve the soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community structure, improve soil and carbon metabolism enzyme activity, effectively increase crop yield and economic benefit.

【学位授予单位】：南昌工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S156.2

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