河北昌黎海岸沙丘动态演变及趋势研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:46

本文关键词：河北昌黎海岸沙丘动态演变及趋势研究　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸沙丘是海岸沙滩系统的重要组成部分,而在自然与人类的共同作用下,沙丘—海滩系统中沉积物部分脱离系统的内部运行过程导致该系统沉积物亏失,沙丘的亏损又使那些以沙丘作为生存环境的草本植物以及鸟类、哺乳类、两栖类和爬行类动物的多样性遭到了极大的破坏。海岸沙丘与海岸生物多样性有重要的相关性,海岸沙丘的退化破坏了海岸生态系统的完整性和多样性,因此对海岸沙丘资源的研究为保证沿海生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以昌黎黄金海岸自然保护区内的大圩顶为研究对象,基于GPS-RTK技术获取保护区内大圩顶流动沙丘春季(5月)和秋季(10月)的监测数据,结合多期遥感影像,从年内和年际两个尺度对流动沙丘的动态演变进行全面分析研究。利用SPSS22.0统计学分析软件对流动沙丘的动态演变因素,如:起沙风、合成风、流动沙丘高度等自然因素进行了相关分析。借助状态空间分析法,层次分析法,spearman秩相关系数法等多种方法对昌黎黄金海岸的大圩顶流动沙丘动态演变趋势进行分析研究。研究结果表明:(1)2004年10月以来,大圩顶流动沙丘整体高度有所下降,脊线最高点共降低1.47m,鞍部共降低达3.54m;沙丘整体陆向迁移,但北段和中段交界线处的脊线、坡脚线出现向海迁移的态势;流动沙丘的移动速率有所加快,向海坡变化的速度快于向陆坡。向海坡趋缓,向陆坡变陡速度分别为:0.47°/a,0.17°/a。(2)昌黎大圩顶所在区域主风速年际变化虽稳定,但年内变化很明显,降雨量少的春季也正是大风季节有利于风沙运动,流动沙丘整体每年10月~次年5月移动速率明显比5月~10月大,脊线移动距离快约1.7 m/a,坡脚线移动距离快约0.4 m/a。(3)以流动沙丘的位置变化,流动沙丘周边的植被覆盖度变化,流动沙丘的物质供给以及流动沙丘本体形态变化等作为流动沙丘退化评价的指标,对流动沙丘演变趋势进行评价rs为-0.38,2004年10月~2015年10月间流动沙丘时空演变平稳。(4)河北省昌黎县保护区内的海岸流动沙丘未来50年退化趋势明显,流动沙丘总面积变化较大,流动沙丘面积减少达49.61hm2。
[Abstract]:Coastal sand dune is an important part of coastal beach system. Under the interaction of nature and human, the sediment part of sand dune beach system runs out of the system, which results in the sediment loss of the system. The loss of sand dunes causes herbaceous plants, birds and mammals to live in sand dunes. The diversity of amphibians and reptiles has been greatly damaged. There is an important correlation between coastal dunes and coastal biodiversity, and the degradation of coastal dunes destroys the integrity and diversity of coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the study of coastal sand dune resources in order to ensure the sustainable development of the coastal ecological environment is of great significance. This paper takes the daxu roof in Changli Gold Coast Nature Reserve as the research object. Based on GPS-RTK technique, the monitoring data of mobile dune in spring (May) and autumn (October) in Daxu roof were obtained and combined with multi-period remote sensing images. The dynamic evolution of mobile dunes was studied from two scales of year and year. The dynamic evolution factors of mobile dunes such as sand wind and synthetic wind were analyzed by SPSS22.0 software. The correlation analysis of natural factors, such as the height of flowing sand dunes, was carried out, with the aid of the state space analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process. Spearman rank correlation coefficient method and other methods are used to analyze the dynamic evolution trend of dapu dune on the gold coast of Changli. The results show that the dynamic evolution of the dune on the top of Daxu in Changli Gold Coast since October 2004. The overall height of the floating dune at the top of Daxu decreased to 1.47 m at the top of the ridge and 3.54 m on the saddle. The sand dune migrates toward the whole land, but the ridge line and slope bottom line at the junction line between the north and the middle section appear to migrate to the sea; The moving rate of the moving dune is quickened, the change of the slope toward the sea is faster than that of the slope to the land, and the slope to the sea is gradually steepening, and the steepening velocity to the slope is 0. 47 掳/ a, respectively. Although the interannual variation of the main wind speed in the area of Changli Daxu is stable, the annual change is obvious, and the spring with less rainfall is also favorable to the wind-sand movement in the windy season. The moving rate of mobile sand dunes from October to May is obviously larger than that from May to May, and the distance of ridge is about 1.7 m / a. The moving distance of slope foot line is about 0.4 m / a 路m ~ (3)) the location of mobile dune and the vegetation coverage around mobile dune are changed. The material supply of the mobile dune and the change of the body morphology of the mobile dune were used as indicators for the evaluation of the degeneracy of the mobile dune, and the evaluation of the evolution trend of the mobile dune was carried out with rs = -0.38. From October 2004 to October 2015, the spatiotemporal evolution of mobile dunes was stable. 4) the degradation trend of coastal mobile dunes in Changli County, Hebei Province, in the next 50 years is obvious. The total area of mobile dunes changed greatly, and the area of mobile dunes decreased by 49.61 hm2.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P737.1

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