基于“环形试样”测试材料力学性能的理论研究与数值模拟

发布时间：2018-01-03 09:05

本文关键词：基于“环形试样”测试材料力学性能的理论研究与数值模拟　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着材料科学的飞速发展,各种性能优良的新材料不断涌现,如纤维增强复合材料、表面涂层材料和功能梯度材料,并广泛应用于航空、航天、电力、船舶、石油化工等工程领域。多样的材质,繁多的加工工艺,导致材料的特性存在很大差异。为充分发挥各种新型材料的功效,材料的性能实验和构件的结构试验成为材料设计和结构设计的关键。然而,迄今为止,对各种新材料力学性能的研究还没有成熟的性能评价标准与测试方法。迫切需要改进现有材料力学性能测试方法及设备,以满足更广泛的实验与工程方面的需求。本文基于环形试样和径向加载,建立一套新的实验理论,提出一种新的实验方法,来克服传统实验的不足。通过新的实验方法,只需测量环形试样的径向位移,即可得到各向同性和正交异性材料的所有材料常数,特别是常规材料实验难以测量的垂直于纤维方向的横向弹性模量。通过分析测量误差对实验结果的影响规律,证明了新的试验理论具有很大的实用性。可以使用现代先进的测量技术减小测量误差,使新的试验方法具有较高的测试精度。同时,在加载机构的设计过程中,对加载方式、加载范围、加载块尺寸等因素进行了详细分析,进一步降低了试验中观测点位移误差对结果的影响。以位移平均值代替均匀位移值,以压力观测值代替均匀内压力值来计算材料常数,大大减小了测试过程中数据的观测难度,可有效地提高新实验方法的实用性与经济性。该实验方法还可用于模拟各种压力管道所受的内压以检验不同规格和用途的管材,可大大缩短检验周期和降低检测费用。因此,本文的研究对提升我国新材料的力学性能实验和管材结构试验水平具有较大的现实意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of material science, a variety of excellent new materials, such as fiber reinforced composites, surface coating materials and functionally gradient materials, have been widely used in aviation, aerospace, power, ships. Petrochemical engineering field. A variety of materials, a wide range of processing technology, leading to great differences in the characteristics of materials. In order to give full play to the efficacy of various new materials. Performance experiments of materials and structural tests of members have become the key to material design and structural design. However, up to now. There is no mature performance evaluation standard and test method for the study of mechanical properties of new materials. It is urgent to improve the existing testing methods and equipment of mechanical properties of materials. In order to meet the needs of more extensive experiments and engineering, a new experimental theory is established based on annular specimen and radial loading, and a new experimental method is proposed. In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional experiments, the new experimental method can get all the material constants of isotropic and orthotropic materials by measuring the radial displacement of annular specimens. Especially the transverse elastic modulus perpendicular to the fiber direction which is difficult to be measured in conventional material experiments. The influence of measurement error on the experimental results is analyzed. It is proved that the new test theory has great practicability, and the modern advanced measurement technology can be used to reduce the measurement error and make the new test method have higher testing precision. At the same time, in the design process of loading mechanism. The factors such as loading mode, loading range, loading block size and so on are analyzed in detail to further reduce the effect of observation point displacement error on the results. The average displacement value is replaced by the uniform displacement value. The material constant is calculated by the pressure observation instead of the uniform internal pressure, which greatly reduces the difficulty of the data observation in the testing process. The new experimental method can be used to simulate the internal pressure of various pressure pipes to test pipes of different specifications and uses. Therefore, the research in this paper is of great practical significance in improving the level of mechanical properties and pipe structure tests of new materials in China.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O341

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