基于GRACE卫星的中国区域陆地水储量变化及干旱特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 08:15

本文关键词：基于GRACE卫星的中国区域陆地水储量变化及干旱特征研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水是生命之源,是人类生存和生活的重要组成部分,也是影响经济社会发展的关键性因素,陆地水资源变化的准确反演,已经成为全球变化研究的迫切需要。本文以地球重力卫星为出发点,拟通过反演重力位,再获取重力位均值,相继得到重力位相对均值的变化量,将重力位变化量转变为陆地水资源相对于水资源均值的变化量,以进一步研究陆地水资源的变化情况。论文具体的研究工作和结论如下:(1)在数据处理方面,针对 GRACE(Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment)卫星反演的重力异常及水储量变化存在的条带误差,进行重力卫星的球谐系数转换等一系列准备,包括替换C20项等,实验表明,高斯滤波平滑能够很好的消除条带误差,重力变化和水储量变化均得到了改善。(2)在陆地各水储量变化量的时空研究和分析方面:发现中国陆地区域陆地总水储量变化量在2003年至2013年变化率空间分布中呈现了不同的趋势,东北地区和中西部的水储量变化量出现了大片连续的增加趋势。三峡工程所在地区以西,包括长江中上游地区的陆地水储量变化量,出现了较快的增加趋势。中国的新疆自治区几乎全部呈现下降的趋势,其中以新疆西北部最为严重。在陆面水储量变化量在2003年至2013年的长期趋势中,淮河流域和黄河流域呈现逐年增加的趋势,且较为集中。通过水量平衡原理计算得到的地下水储量变化量与实测地下站点数据的变化量在月尺度和季节尺度都具有非常高的一致性,证明了GRACE反演结果的准确性。从全国地下水储量变化趋势的分布来看,新疆西北部和华北南部地区都出现了较为集中的地下水储量变化量下降的趋势,长江中上游地区的地下水储量变化量处于上升的趋势。(3)在中国典型地区水资源时序分析以及与降水的响应关系方面:发现在新疆西北部地区2003年至2013年期间的陆地总水储量变化量总体呈下降趋势,同时该地区陆面水储量变化量也同样呈现总体下降趋势。该地区的地下水储量变化量趋势总体可以分为三个阶段,呈现先增、后减再平稳的态势。降水与GRACE和全球陆地同化模型(Global Land Data Assimilation System,GLDAS)产品数据在无滞后期的时候相关性最高,与地下水储量变化量存在2个月的滞后期;在长江中上游地区,陆地总水储量变化量整体呈现上升趋势,而陆面水储量变化量却呈现下降趋势。该区域地下水储量变化量呈现的趋势主要可以分为三个阶段,呈现先快速增加、后平稳、再增长的态势。降水与GRACE和GLDAS在无滞后期的时候相关性最高,与地下水储量变化量存在1个月的滞后期;华北平原南部陆地总水储量变化量和陆面水储量变化量都呈增加趋势。该区域的地下水储量变化量的走势主要可以分为三个阶段,呈现先增加、后下降、再增长的态势。降水与GRACE和GLDAS在无滞后期的时候相关性最高,与地下水储量变化量存在1个月的滞后期。(4)在标准化陆地水储量指数与SPI指数比较分析方面:发现标准化陆地水储量指数SWSI(Standardized Water Storage Index)更能准确的反映干旱事件,并且其低值区较为连续。此外,SWSI指数相对于SPI指数高值区与低值区的波动更大,且更为明显。根据已有干旱事件的对比分析,无论是新疆、长江中上游还是华北南部,SWSI指数都可以更明显地反映出干旱事件,且使用基于GRACE卫星监测干旱事件比SPI指数更准确。
[Abstract]:Water is the Source of Life, is an important part of human survival and life, but also the key factors influencing the development of economy and society, accurate retrieval of land water resources change, has become an urgent need for global change research. In this paper, using the earth's gravity satellite as a starting point, proposed through the inversion of gravity, and then get the gravity mean that have been gravity potential relative to the mean change in the amount of the gravity variation change relative to the mean amount of water resources change in land water resources, to further research the change of land and water resources. This paper makes research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) in the aspect of data processing, according to the GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) are retrieved from satellite gravity anomalies and water storage variation bands of satellite gravity error, spherical harmonic coefficients transformation and so on a series of preparations, including the replacement of C20, experimental results show that the high This filter can well eliminate the error bands, gravity change and water storage changes were improved. (2) research and analysis of spatial and temporal changes in the land water storage capacity: found Chinese land total water storage variation from 2003 to 2013 the rate of change of the spatial distribution of different water storage variation trend, the Northeast and Midwest appear continuous increasing trend. The Three Gorges project located in the west, including the change in land water storage volume in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, there has been an increase in the trend of rapid China. Almost all of the Xinjiang autonomous region showed a downward trend, the northwest of Xinjiang is the most serious in the land surface water storage variation of the long-term trend in 2003 to 2013 in the Huaihe basin and the the Yellow River basin increased year by year, and more concentrated. By the principle of water balance calculation The groundwater reserves changes with the measured data of the underground sites are very high consistency in the monthly scale and seasonal scale, which proves the accuracy of the GRACE inversion results. From the point of view of the distribution of national groundwater reserves trend, Northwestern Xinjiang and southern North China there are more concentrated variation of groundwater reserves decline the trend of variation of groundwater reserves in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is in the upward trend. (3) in the analysis of water resources in typical areas of Chinese and timing response relationship with precipitation, found that land total water storage changes in Xinjiang during 2003 to 2013 in the northwestern region of the amount of the overall downward trend, while the area of land surface water storage variation also showed a decline in overall. Groundwater reserves of this area changes trend generally can be divided into three stages, increased firstly, then decreased to steady The trend of precipitation and GRACE. And the global land data assimilation model (Global Land Data Assimilation System, GLDAS) when the highest correlation product data lag, there are 2 months lag and variation of groundwater reserves; in the Yangtze River region, the overall land total water storage variation showed a rising trend, and the land surface water storage variation has shown a downward trend. The regional groundwater reserves variation tendency can be divided into three stages, showing the first increase rapidly, after steady growth. Then, precipitation with GRACE and GLDAS in no lag period when the highest correlation, there are 1 months lag and the change of groundwater reserves the amount of land in the southern part of North China Plain; the total water storage changes and land surface water storage variation increased. Groundwater reserves of regional variations in the amount of the trend can be divided into three stages, showing the first Increased, then decreased, and then increased. Correlation between precipitation and GRACE and GLDAS were the highest when no lag, there are 1 months lag and variation of groundwater reserves. (4) in the standard land water storage index and SPI index of comparative analysis found that: the standard land water storage index SWSI (Standardized Water Storage Index) can accurately reflect the drought events, and the low value area is more continuous. In addition, the SWSI index to the SPI index high value and low value zone of greater volatility, and more obvious. According to the analysis and comparison of the existing drought event, whether it is Xinjiang, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern part of the North China. The SWSI index can more clearly reflect the drought events, and the use of GRACE satellite monitoring of drought events based on more accurate than SPI index.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TV213;P343

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