几种豆科植物种子生物学特性及根际氮素分布研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 10:33

本文关键词：几种豆科植物种子生物学特性及根际氮素分布研究　出处：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对青海野生豆科植物资源调查,了解其分布规律;对广布野豌豆(Vicia cracca L.)、箭{H豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)、白花草木樨(Melilotus albus Desr.)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis L.)、杂种车轴草(Trifolium hybridum L.)、格兰氏三叶草(Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、高山豆(Tibetia himalaica Baker)、百脉根(Lotus corniculatus L.)、羽扇豆(Lupinus micranthus Guss.)10种豆科植物种子形态、种皮表皮特征、种皮解剖结构观察及种子萌发试验了解其休眠特性。通过栽培试验,为其今后在高寒地区引种栽培的可行性提供数据支持。通过分析4种野生豆科植物根际土壤氮素的垂直分布和水平分布状况,初步掌握4种植物根际氮素分布规律。试验结果表明:(1)青海省野生豆科植物有19属187种;可饲用豆科植物种类较少,植株较低矮,地上生物量偏低,多分布于海拔3 500 m以下的地区。(2)广布野豌豆、白花草木樨、黄花草木樨、高山豆和羽扇豆硬实度均在88%以上;除栽培种羽扇豆硬实度达94%外,栽培种硬实度普遍低于野生种。10种豆科植物种子发芽均不整齐。(3)除箭{H豌豆和百脉根外,其它8种豆科植物种皮均具有角质层、栅栏层、柱状石细胞层和海绵组织4层细胞结构。栅栏层和柱状石细胞层的厚度及排列松紧程度可能是豆科植物种子硬实现象形成的主要原因。(4)在河南县引种栽培的10种豆科植物,产自新西兰的杂种车轴草、格兰氏三叶草和百脉根生长情况及越冬表现不佳;产自新西兰的羽扇豆与6种产自青海省的豆科植物表现较好。(5)河南县和泽库县境内4种野生豆科植物均不能显著提高根际土壤氮素含量。黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge)根际土壤中的氮素含量相对稳定;蓝花棘豆(Oxytropis coerulea(pall.)DC)根系5~15 cm处氮素含量显著减少;青藏扁蓄豆(Melilotoides archiducis-nicolai Sirj.)根际土壤中氮素含量变化范围较小;高山豆(Tibetia himalaica Baker)根系0~15 cm处可提高根际土壤氮素含量。
[Abstract]:Investigation of Qinghai wild leguminous plant resources, understand its distribution; of Vicia cracca (Vicia cracca L.), {H (Vicia sativa L. arrow PEA), white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Desr.), sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.), Trifolium (Trifolium hybridum L.), gram clover (Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss (Medicago), alfalfa sativa L. (Tibetia himalaica), alpine bean (Lotus corniculatus Baker), lotus L.), lupin (Lupinus micranthus Guss.) 10 leguminous plant seed morphology, seed coat epidermal features, the anatomical structure of the seed coat and seed germination test to understand the characteristics of dormancy. Through cultivation experiments provide the data support for the future introduction and Cultivation in the alpine region. Through the analysis of feasibility of 4 kinds of wild leguminous plant rhizosphere soil nitrogen vertical distribution and horizontal distribution of the initial grasp of 4 kinds of plants The rhizosphere nitrogen distribution. Test results show that: (1) Qinghai Province wild leguminous plants have 19 genera and 187 species; but leguminous plant species are less, the plant is low, low biomass, mainly distributed in the altitude region below 3500 m. (2) of Vicia cracca, Melilotus suaveolen, Huanghua sweet clover, Alpine bean and lupin hard were more than 88%; in addition to cultivated lupins hard degree is up to 94%, which is lower than the hard cultivation of wild.10 leguminous plant seed germination were irregular. (3) in addition to the arrow {H pea and lotus, the other 8 leguminous plant species have skin the cuticle, palisade layer, stone columnar cell layer and spongy tissue structure of 4 layers of cells. The palisade layer and columnar stone cell layer thickness and arrangement tightness may be main reason for the formation of legume seeds hard. (4) in 10 kinds of leguminous plant in Henan County cultivated, native to New Zealand Trifolium, growth and overwintering gram clover and lotus performance; native to New Zealand lupine and 6 kinds of leguminous plants produced in Qinghai province better performance. (5) 4 kinds of wild leguminous plants in Henan county and Zeku county were not significantly increased soil nitrogen content in rhizosphere of O.ochrocephala (Oxytropis ochrocephala. Bunge) the nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil is relatively stable; o.coerulea (Oxytropis coerulea (pall.) DC 5~15 cm) root nitrogen content decreased significantly; the Qinghai Tibet (Melilotoides archiducis-nicolai Sirj.) polygonumaviculare bean rhizosphere soil nitrogen content in small range; alpine bean (Tibetia himalaica Baker) 0~15 cm root can increase the nitrogen content rhizosphere soil.

【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

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