青藏高原不同植被类型土壤磷分布特征及影响因素

发布时间：2018-01-14 16:26

  本文关键词：青藏高原不同植被类型土壤磷分布特征及影响因素　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 青藏高原 植被类型 土壤TP IP OP AP 影响因素

【摘要】：磷作为植物生长的必需营养元素,参与细胞分裂,物质及能量合成,在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要的作用。由于自然界中磷的供应往往受限,因此磷常成为生态系统的限制性元素。土壤磷含量主要受成土母岩、土壤质地、气候条件、植被覆盖、地理位置及人类活动等因素的综合影响,磷的分布特征及循环速率随环境变化而发生相应改变。理解不同植被类型、土壤性质、地形、气候等立地环境下土壤磷形态的组成、含量、分布特征及影响因素,是揭示区域生态系统功能和结构变化对土壤磷素影响的关键。青藏高原是全球变化敏感区,是研究生态系统对气候变化响应与适应机制的天然实验室。在全球气候变化及人类活动日益增强的大背景下,不同植被类型下青藏高原土壤磷含量空间分布特征及影响因素成为今后研究的重点。本文采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,运用SPSS、SigrmaPlot、Canoco等分析软件,对青藏高原草地、高寒草甸、高山草原、灌丛草地、荒草地、荒漠、林地及盐碱地等不同植被类型表层及剖面土壤磷形态含量分布及影响因素进行了初步分析,本论文主要得到以下结论:(1)青藏高原表层(0～20 cm)土壤TP含量为0.12～1.11 g·kg~(-1),平均0.53 g·kg~(-1);IP 含量为 0.08～0.77 g·kg~(-1) 平均 0.32 g·kg~(-1);OP 含量为 0.01～0.86 g·kg~(-1),平均 0.21 g·kg~(-1);A处含量为1.61～48.17mg·kg~(-1),平均14.80mg·kg~(-1)。IP/TP比值为11%～96%,平均62%;OP/TP比值为4%～89%,平均38%;AP/TP比值为2.65%～3.55%,平均3.10%。(2)青藏高原剖面(0～70 cm)土壤TP含量为0.29～0.75 g.kg—1,平均0.48 g·kg~(-1);IP 含量为 0.11～0.52 g·kg~(-1),平均 0.32 g·kg~(-1);OP 含量为 0.02～0.57 g·kg~(-1),平均 0.16 g·kg~(-1);AP 含量为 6.40～39.79 mg·kg~(-1),平均 20.39 mg·kg~(-1)。IP/TP 比值为 16%～97%,平均 67%;OP/TP 比值为 3%～84%,平均 33%;AP/TP比值为 1.00%～12.15%,平均 4.71%。(3)青藏高原表层土壤TP含量林地盐碱地草地灌丛草地荒草地高山草原高寒草甸荒漠,IP含量盐碱地林地灌丛草地荒漠荒草地草地高寒草甸高山草原,OP含量高山草原高寒草甸林地草地荒草地灌丛草地盐碱地荒漠,AP含量林地荒草地盐碱地草地灌丛草地荒漠高寒草甸高山草原。(4)盐碱地及林地土壤TP含量整体随土层深度的增加而波动增加,草地、灌丛草地、高寒草甸及高山草原土壤TP含量整体随土层深度的增加而波动减少。草地、盐碱地、高寒草甸、高山草原及林地土壤IP含量、IP/TP比值整体随土层深度的增加而波动增加,灌丛草地土壤IP含量随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少。土壤OP含量、OP/TP比值垂直分布特征与土壤IP含量、IP/TP比值大致相反。不同植被类型土壤AP含量、AP/TP比值在垂直方向上受土层深度和植被类型影响较为显著,随土层深度的变化特征基本一致,最低值大多出现在10～20 cm。(5)青藏高原土壤TP、IP、OP及AP含量的分布特征受多种环境因子的协同影响,对所有环境因子进行Monte-Carlo检验,得到环境因子对表层土壤磷含量的重要性排序:TOCTN海拔pH值粉粒黏粒生长季均温生长季降水量年均降水量年均气温C/N比值经度砂粒ECAlk年均相对湿度纬度SIC生长季相对湿度。土壤因子对剖面土壤磷含量的重要性排序:TNTOCpH值AlkC/N比值粉粒砂粒SICEC黏粒。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is essential nutrient elements for plant growth, involved in cell division, material and energy synthesis, play an important role in plant growth and development. Because of the nature of phosphorus supply are limited, so phosphorus often become a limiting factor of ecological system. Soil phosphorus content was mainly influenced by soil parent rock, soil texture, climate the conditions, vegetation coverage, comprehensive influence of geographical location and human activities and other factors, distribution and circulation rate of phosphorus and the change of change with the environment. To understand the different types of vegetation, soil, topography, climate, soil phosphorus forms the environment, content, distribution and influencing factors, is to reveal the function and the structure of the regional ecosystem change on soil phosphorus influence key. The Tibetan Plateau is sensitive to global change, is a natural laboratory for the study of ecosystem response to climate change and adaptation mechanisms. The background is increasing in the global climate change and human activities, characteristics and influence of spatial distribution of soil phosphorus content in Tibetan Plateau under different vegetation factors become the focus of future research. This paper uses the method of combining field investigation and indoor analysis by SPSS, SigrmaPlot, Canoco and other analysis software on the Tibetan Plateau grassland, alpine meadow, alpine grassland, shrubland, grassland, desert, makes a preliminary analysis of factors of different types of vegetation and soil surface phosphorus content distribution and effects of forest and saline land, this paper obtained the following conclusions: (1) the Qinghai Tibet plateau surface (0 ~ 20 cm) soil TP content is 0.12 ~ 1.11 g kg~ (-1), an average of 0.53 G - kg~ (-1); the content of IP is 0.08 ~ 0.77 G - kg~ (-1) with an average of 0.32 G - kg~ (-1); the content of OP is 0.01 ~ 0.86 G - kg~ (-1), an average of 0.21 G - kg~ (-1); the A content is 1.61 ~ 48.17mg - kg~ (-1),骞冲潎14.80mg路kg~(-1).IP/TP姣斿，

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