南方潮湿地区大遗址地球物理考古技术应用研究初探

发布时间：2018-01-20 05:57

本文关键词： 高密度电法电容耦合式电阻率法地震散射法地球物理考古技术大遗址南方潮湿地区　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地球物理考古技术以考古目标体与周围土壤介质的物性差异为基础,用专门的设备仪器采集这些异常场数据,然后分析异常的特征,从而推断地下考古目标体的位置、大小、深度、形态等特征,具有无损、高效、经济、可探测深度大等诸多优点,正好满足了大遗址考古的需要。然而,地球物理方法也面临着适用性和多解性的问题,同样的考古遗存不同的地球物理方法有不一样的应用效果;同样的地球物理方法,在不同的考古遗存亦有不同的地球物理响应特征,因此需要具体遗址具体分析。地处南方潮湿地区的大遗址,具有面积大的特点,气候潮湿多雨,地质条件和地表条件都不同于北方干旱地区,对调查效率和效果有更高的要求,更是面临地球物理考古技术的适用性、有效性、采集效率等问题。本文以南方潮湿地区典型的大遗址—广西合浦汉墓群遗址和杭州吴越国捍海塘遗址作为勘探目标,结合两处遗址的地质环境和地表特点,在广西合浦汉墓群遗址针对性地使用了高密度电法开展调查研究,在杭州吴越国捍海塘遗址选择性地使用了电容耦合式电阻率法和地震散射法勘探,从而用三种地球物理考古技术在不同的大遗址上开展了相应的考古调查研究。研究结果表明,高密度电法能很好地适应广西合浦汉墓群的调查,在多个测区探测结果与考古队初步的钻探结果相比较,基本能够吻合.,且能较好地识别出一些成规模的结构,如墓室、墓道等汉墓结构。电容耦合式电阻率法对大石块等高阻目标体具有较好的敏感性,对于捍海塘的探测效果比较好,能够实现数据的高效采集,极大提高了大遗址地球物理调查的效率,同时,无须在地表插置电极的特点,更让电容耦合式电阻率法在城市硬地表条件无法插置电极的情况下大显身手,更加体现出了电容耦合式电阻率法的优越性。地震散射法配合使用免插拔检波器,在杭州吴越国捍海塘的调查中亦表现出了很好的应用效果,对大石块高速体有较好的敏感性,并能大体分辨出海塘的形状和结构特征,是具有非常广阔应用前景的地球物理考古技术。至此,初步研究了南方潮湿地区大遗址的地质环境和地表条件给地球物理考古调查带来的适用性、有效性等问题。
[Abstract]:The geophysical archaeological technique is based on the difference of physical properties between the archaeological object and the surrounding soil media. The data of these anomalous fields are collected by special equipment and the characteristics of the anomalies are analyzed. It is concluded that the location, size, depth, shape and other characteristics of the underground archaeological object have many advantages, such as non-destructive, efficient, economical, detectable depth, and so on, which meet the archaeological needs of the great archaeological site. Geophysical methods also face the problem of applicability and multi-solution, the same archaeological remains of different geophysical methods have different application effects; The same geophysical method also has different geophysical response characteristics in different archaeological remains, so it needs specific site analysis. The climate is wet and rainy, the geological conditions and the surface conditions are different from the arid areas in the north, there are higher requirements for the efficiency and effect of the investigation, but also facing the applicability and effectiveness of geophysical archaeological technology. Collection efficiency and other problems. This paper takes the site of Han Tomb Group in Hepu, Guangxi, and the site of Guohuanghaitang in Wuyue, Hangzhou, as exploration targets, and combines the geological environment and surface characteristics of the two sites. High-density electrical method was used to investigate the site of Han Tomb Group in Hepu, Guangxi, and the capacitive coupled resistivity method and seismic scattering method were selectively used to explore the site in Wuyue and Guohaitang, Hangzhou. Three kinds of geophysical archaeological techniques were used to carry out the corresponding archaeological investigation on different large sites. The results show that the high-density electrical method can be well adapted to the investigation of Han tombs in Hepu, Guangxi. Compared with the preliminary drilling results of the archaeological team, the results of exploration in several survey areas are basically consistent with each other, and some structures of large scale, such as tombs, can be well identified. The capacitance coupled resistivity method has a good sensitivity to high resistance objects such as large stones, and has a better detection effect on defending seawall, and can achieve high efficiency data collection. It greatly improves the efficiency of geophysical survey of large sites, and at the same time, it does not need to insert the characteristics of electrodes on the surface, so that the capacitive coupled resistivity method can not be inserted in the case of urban hard surface conditions. It also shows the superiority of the capacitive coupled resistivity method. The seismic scattering method combined with the use of non-plugged geophone has also shown a good application effect in the investigation of defending the seawall in Wuyue State of Hangzhou. It is a geophysical archaeological technique with a wide application prospect, which has good sensitivity to large rock high-speed bodies and can roughly distinguish the shape and structure characteristics of seawall. The applicability and validity of geophysical archaeological investigation caused by geological environment and surface conditions of large sites in humid areas of southern China are studied preliminarily.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K878;P631

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