量子密钥分配中层析技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 10:40

本文关键词： 量子密钥分配参考系无关协议测量设备无关协议量子层析　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信息安全一直以来都是人们关心的问题,它涉及个人隐私、商业机密以及国防安全等方方面面。密码学即是一门用于信息保密的科学,其最基本的任务就是通过加密方法提供安全保密性。二战之后,人们对密码学的研究更加重视。经典的密码系统主要分为公钥密码系统和私钥密码系统。公钥密码系统的安全性未被严格证明,如今量子计算机正在不断发展,将对其安全性造成严重挑战。私钥密码系统抗计算能力强、理论上存在绝对安全性,但是密钥的安全分配问题是一个重大难题。量子密钥分配技术的出现解决了密钥分配的难题,它的安全性基于量子不可克隆定理、海森堡不确定性原理、测量塌缩原理等量子学领域中的基本定理。1984年Bennett和Brassard首次提出BB84协议,随后其理论安全性也被证明。虽然理论上证明QKD的协议安全性,但实际实验装置不可避免的存在光源、通信信道及探测器等非理想特性。本文主要完成以下几个工作:首先介绍了密码学发展过程以及量子密钥分配的研究现状。然后介绍了量子密钥分配技术中最著名的BB84协议,并且分别论述了量子密钥分配技术的协议安全性和实际安全性。随后给出相应的解决方案,即最新提出的参考系和测量设备双无关的量子密钥分配系统(RFI-MDI-QKD)。最后给出本人提出的一种新的量子层析方法来估计RFI-MDI-QKD协议中的渐近安全密钥率。我们提出一种新的层析方法来估计RFI-MDI-QKD协议中的渐近安全密钥率。根据渐近安全密钥率的数值模拟,我们证明了层析方法在理想情况下等同于传统的RFI-MDI-QKD方法,并且当参考系未校准时,随着传输距离增加,层析方法具有略高的渐近安全密钥率。
[Abstract]:Information security has always been a matter of concern to people. It involves personal privacy, commercial secrets and national defense security. Cryptography is a science used to keep information secret. Its most basic task is to provide security through encryption. After World War II, People pay more attention to the research of cryptography. The classical cryptosystem is mainly divided into public key cryptosystem and private key cryptosystem. The security of public key cryptosystem has not been proved strictly. Private key cryptosystem has strong ability to resist computation, and in theory there is absolute security. However, the security of key distribution is an important problem. The emergence of quantum key distribution technology solves the problem of key distribution. Its security is based on quantum non-cloning theorem and Heisenberg uncertainty principle. In 1984, Bennett and Brassard proposed the BB84 protocol for the first time, and then its theoretical security was also proved. Although the protocol security of QKD is proved theoretically, the light source is inevitable in the actual experimental device. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the development of cryptography and the research status of quantum key distribution are introduced, and then the most famous BB84 protocol in quantum key distribution is introduced. The protocol security and practical security of quantum key distribution technology are discussed, and the corresponding solutions are given. In this paper, a new quantum key distribution system named RFI-MDI-QKDX is proposed. Finally, we present a new quantum chromatography method to estimate the asymptotically secure key rate in RFI-MDI-QKD protocol. We propose a new quantum key distribution system named RFI-MDI-QKDX. We propose a new method for estimating the asymptotically secure key rate in RFI-MDI-QKD protocol. The asymptotic security key rate in RFI-MDI-QKD protocol is estimated by the method of chromatography. We prove that the chromatographic method is equivalent to the traditional RFI-MDI-QKD method under ideal conditions, and when the reference system is not calibrated, the chromatographic method has a slightly higher asymptotic security key rate with the increase of transmission distance.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN918.4;O413

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