浙江四明山古夷平面地貌形态特征及古气候初步研究
本文关键词: 四明山 古夷平面 ASTER-GDEM数据 粘土矿物 元素地球化学 古气候 出处:《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:山地古夷平面是地貌学重要基础理论问题,其对地貌演化、构造活动、高原隆升速率等方面具有重要的研究价值。浙江东部的四明山古夷平面于2006年被发现,并被认为是中国东部沿海最宽阔的高海拔夷平面遗迹,这是我国东部沿海地区继辽东半岛岩溶夷平面、福建高夷平面、粤北地区夷平面和华北山地甸子梁期夷平面之后的又一发现,使得该地区本来就丰富的地貌景观资源增添了新的内涵,引起了学术界和地方政府的重视。根据当地地层资料可知,研究区古夷平面大概形成于晚白垩世至中新世,在这一漫长的地质稳定时期内,古夷平面顶部形成了厚度不等的古风化壳,这为确定古夷平面形成时期的环境特征提供了相对可靠的依据。前人对四明山古夷平面的研究主要在景观特征和成因方面,目前对古夷平面范围的具体圈定、古夷平面形成时期的环境特征等研究尚未见报道。因此,本研究首次对古夷平面圈定、古夷平面的形态特征和古环境方面展开了初步探讨。论文是在综合DEM数据(Digital Elevation Model)和ArcGIS分析,野外验证采样和实验测试分析基础上撰写而成,探讨了四明山古夷平面的地貌形态特征和古风化壳(古土壤)所反映的古气候;初步圈定了古夷平面残留的面积,探讨了古夷平面的分布范围、地势起伏度、坡度等形态特征。并取得以下几点认识:(1)本研究区北部、中部和南部圈定古夷平面的理想坡度分别为9°、14°和14°,其对应的海拔主要集中分布在490-577m、570-782m和624-867m之间;从古夷平面分布上来看,北部主要分布在上王岗和大洋山附近;中部主要分布在大岚镇和罗成山周围;南部主要分布在四明山东西两侧,共有8个小斑块。古夷平面整体基本与主分水岭对称,且呈不连续分布,部分区域保存相对完好,总面积约 199.5km~2。(2)研究区古夷平面的坡度与地势起伏度具有良好的一致性,其中坡度类型以缓坡和低陡坡为主、地势起伏类型以平原和台地为主,表明研究区古夷平面在微观尺度上起伏度相对较小,局部有一定的高低起伏。通过分析研究区南北向的纵剖面发现,古夷平面的高程分布由南向北逐渐降低,且坡度在1.2°-1.7°之间,结合研究区的断裂构造资料可知,古夷平面的变形与破碎均受到区域构造的控制,且NE-SW向断裂构造的控制作用强于近E-W向断裂构造,同时南部的断裂构造活动强于北部。(3)研究区南岚剖面(NL)和白玉坪头剖面(BY)古风化壳的粘土矿物数据反映出化学风化作用较强的特点,并且伊利石结晶程度较差,显示四明山古夷平面形成时期的气候呈暖湿的特点。另外,在两个剖面中Ca、Na、K、Mg元素的淋失最为显著,并伴有Si元素的轻微淋失,亦指示较强的化学风化作用。分析结果显示,CIA值、A-CN-K和元素比值等指标以及粘土矿物组合特征均指示一种暖湿的古气候环境。
[Abstract]:The paleoplanation plane of mountainous area is an important basic theory of geomorphology, which has important research value in geomorphologic evolution, tectonic activity and uplift rate of plateau. The paleoplanation plane of Simingshan in eastern Zhejiang was discovered in 2006. It is considered to be the broadest trace of the high elevation planation surface along the eastern coast of China. This is the high planation surface in Fujian Province after the karst planation surface in the Liaodong Peninsula in the eastern coastal area of China. The discovery of the planation plane in the northern Guangdong region and the Liangshiyi plane in the North China mountain region has added new connotations to the already abundant geomorphological landscape resources in this area. According to the local stratigraphic data, the paleo-planation plane in the study area was probably formed from the late Cretaceous to the Miocene, and during this long period of geological stability, The paleo-weathering crust with different thickness formed at the top of the paleo-planation plane, which provides a relatively reliable basis for determining the environmental characteristics of the paleo-planation plane during its formation.The previous researches on the paleo-planation surface of Simingshan mainly focused on the landscape characteristics and causes of formation. At present, no reports have been reported on the specific delineation of the ancient planation surface and the environmental characteristics of the ancient planation surface during the formation of the ancient planation surface. Therefore, this study is the first time to delineate the ancient planation surface. The morphological characteristics and paleoenvironment of the paleo-planation plane were preliminarily discussed. The paper is based on the synthesis of DEM data, digital Elevation model) and ArcGIS analysis, field verification, sampling and experimental test analysis. The geomorphological features of the paleoplanation surface in Siming Mountain and the paleoclimate reflected by the paleo-weathering crust (paleosol) are discussed, and the residual area of the paleo-planation surface is preliminarily delineated, the distribution range of the paleo-planation surface and the relief degree of the paleo-planation surface are discussed. The ideal slope of the paleoplanation surface in the north, middle and south of the study area is 9 掳/ 14 掳and 14 掳respectively, and the corresponding elevation is mainly between 490-577mng 570-782m and 624-867m. The north is mainly located near Upper Wanggang and the Oceanic Mountains; the central part is mainly distributed around Daren Town and Luocheng Mountains; the south is mainly distributed on the east and west sides of the Siming Mountains, with eight small patches. The paleo-planation plane is basically symmetrical to the main watershed. There is a good consistency between the slope of the paleo-planation plane and the relief degree of the topography in the study area, in which the slope types are mainly gentle slope and low steep slope, and some regions are relatively well preserved, and the total area is about 199.5kmm2.2.) the slope of the ancient planation plane in the study area is in good agreement with the relief degree of the terrain. The main types of terrain fluctuation are plain and platform, indicating that the fluctuation degree of paleoplanation in the study area is relatively small on the micro scale, and there are certain high and low fluctuations in the part. It is found by analyzing the longitudinal profile of the north-south direction of the study area, The height distribution of paleoplanation plane decreases gradually from south to north, and the slope is between 1.2 掳-1.7 掳. According to the data of fault structure in the study area, the deformation and fracture of paleoplanation plane are controlled by regional structure. The controlling effect of the NE-SW trending fault structure is stronger than that of the near E-W fault structure. At the same time, the clay mineral data of Nanlan section (NLL) and Baiyupingtou section (BY) of the southern part of the study area are stronger than that of the northern area. The clay mineral data of the paleo-weathering crust reflect the characteristics of strong chemical weathering, and the degree of Illite crystallization is poor. The results show that the climate of the paleo-planation plane in Simingshan is warm and wet. In addition, the leaching loss of the element Ca Na Na Ko mg is the most significant in the two sections, accompanied by the slight leaching of Si. The results show that the CIA values, A-CN-K and element ratios, as well as the characteristics of clay mineral assemblage, indicate a warm and wet paleoclimate environment.
【学位授予单位】:华东师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:P532;P931
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