南麂列岛多毛类DNA条形码及物种多样性鉴定

发布时间：2018-02-24 09:12

本文关键词： 南麂列岛生物多样性 DNA条形码多毛类　出处：《浙江海洋大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区是1990年创建的5个国家级海洋自然保护区之一。它是我国建立的第一个海岛海域生态系统自然保护区,其保护对象主要包括海洋贝类和藻类资源,以及海岛海域生态环境。相对来说鱼、虾、贝、藻等,对此地多毛类生物的研究比较匮乏,因此本文主要对多毛纲动物进行着重研究。随着对生物学认识和探索的不断深入,单一的形态学方法已不能适应现代分类学发展的需要。加拿大分类学者Hebert等从2003年开始把线粒体COI基因作为动物界的DNA条形码,进而拉开了以形态和分子分类相结合的崭新分类时代的序幕。近年来,DNA条形码技术的不断完善,已经广泛应用于生态环境学及相关领域的科学研究工作中。多毛纲是环节动物门最大的一个纲,是海洋中极为常见的动物类群,不仅是鱼类及其他动物的重要饵料,也是海洋资源调查的重要组成部分。本文根据2015年10月、2016年3月、2016年5月、2016年8月春、夏、秋、冬四个季节在南麂列岛国家级海洋自然波保护区的设立的9个采样点进行的采样,对共获得底栖动物多毛类环节动物360个个体,经过形态及分类学鉴定,共得到多毛类36种。在形态学的基础上,运用了分子生物学方法对部分样本进行了DNA条形码分析,获得的CO I DNA与GenBank上的其他研究者上传同源序列进行比对,再通过聚类和遗传距离分析,得出了6个确定的物种的条形码数据,并进行确切的描述。最后,本文主要计算了4个季节的生物多样性指数,对4个季节的指数进行了比较。2016年8月(夏季)的丰富度指数(D)最高,2015年10月(秋季)次之,2016年3月(冬季)和2016年5月(春季)较低;生物多样性指数(H'),基本都在2左右,生物多样性较好。不同的采样地点及季节会出现不同的多样性指数。
[Abstract]:Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve is one of the five national marine nature reserves established in 1990. Its main objects of protection include marine shellfish and algae resources, as well as the ecological environment of the sea islands. Relatively speaking, fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae and so on, the research on the polychaetes here is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper mainly focuses on the study of polychaetes. With the deepening of biological understanding and exploration, The single morphological method can no longer meet the needs of the development of modern taxonomy. In 2003, Canadian taxonomist Hebert et al used mitochondrial COI gene as the DNA barcode of animal kingdom. In recent years, the technology of DNA bar code has been improved. Has been widely used in scientific research in ecological and environmental sciences and related fields. The phyla is the largest class of annelidae, and it is an extremely common group of animals in the ocean, and it is not only an important feed for fish and other animals, It is also an important part of marine resources survey. According to October 2015, March 2016, May 2016, May 2016, spring, summer, autumn, Samples were collected from 9 sampling sites in Nanji Islands National Marine Natural Wave Reserve in winter and four seasons. A total of 360 individuals of macrofauna were obtained and identified by morphology and taxonomy. A total of 36 species of polychaetes were obtained. On the basis of morphology, some samples were analyzed by DNA barcode using molecular biological methods. The obtained COI DNA was compared with the homologous sequences uploaded by other researchers on GenBank. Through clustering and genetic distance analysis, the barcode data of 6 determined species are obtained and accurately described. Finally, the biodiversity index of four seasons is calculated. In August 2016 (summer), the richness index (D) was the highest, October 2015 (autumn) was the second, March 2016 (winter) and March 2016 (spring) were lower, and the biodiversity index was about 2. Biodiversity is better. Different sampling sites and seasons have different diversity indices.
【学位授予单位】：浙江海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q953

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