不同宿主型猫栉首蚤生物学特征比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 02:13

本文选题：猫栉首蚤　切入点：生物学　出处：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：猫栉首蚤是重要的病媒生物之一,其成蚤的两性成虫均吸血。该蚤为世界性广布种,在我国除了青海、西藏、甘肃等地未见报道,其他各省(自治区、直辖市)均有分布。该蚤的宿主范围广,主要是食肉类动物,诸如猫、狗等,偶见于褐家鼠。由于该蚤叮刺吸血可引起人或动物的过敏性皮炎和动物贫血等,又可以传播汉赛巴尔通体等多种细菌及立克次体、病毒、绦虫等多种病原菌。因此研究猫栉首蚤的生物学特征具有重要的理论和实际意义。本研究以实验室驯化多年的大白鼠株和小白鼠株猫栉首蚤及家猫体表采集的猫株猫栉首蚤为研究对象,以大白鼠、小白鼠、猫为宿主动物代表,探索了温湿度对猫栉首蚤成蚤存活时间的影响,研究了交叉供血动物对大白鼠株和小白鼠株猫栉首蚤卵期、幼虫期、蛹期的影响,并以孵化率和化蛹率为指标进行评价;同时研究羽化时间及吸血时间对其吸血率和饱血率的影响。通过本研究,从生长发育和吸血性两个方面,系统的了解了不同宿主型猫栉首蚤的生物学特征,为建立标准化的实验室种群提供基础数据资料;另一方面对猫栉首蚤更换供血宿主后的吸血行为变化进行评价,为现场工作的调查与今后的防治工作提供线索,为今后研究宿主-媒介-相关传染病之间的相互关系提供理论基础。现将本研究的结果总结如下:1、新羽化的猫栉首蚤在温度相同时,随着相对湿度的增加,存活时间延长;在湿度相同时,温度越高猫栉首蚤的存活时间越短;大白鼠株和小白鼠株猫栉首蚤受温湿度的影响差异无统计学意义。故猫栉首蚤对高温低湿的环境较敏感,提示在后续试验中应特别注意环境温湿度对猫栉首蚤的影响。大白鼠株和小白鼠株猫栉首蚤分别吸大白鼠血和小白鼠血,又进行交叉供血,发现大白鼠株猫栉首蚤吸大白鼠血的卵孵化率均较其他三种组合高,且差异有统计学意义(X2=12.857,P=0.005);四种组合的幼虫化蛹率的差异无统计学意义(X2=4.201,P=0.241);小白鼠株猫栉首蚤吸小白鼠血的蛹期分布规律与其他三种组合的差异有统计学意义(X2=13.474,P=0.0037);四种组合间的卵期(平均2.6±0.8d)、幼虫期(平均12.4±1.3d)、蛹期(3.7±0.7d)时间差异无统计学意义。2、在1d内羽化及3、4日龄的大白鼠株与小白鼠株猫栉首蚤其吸血率差异无统计学意义;2～4日龄的猫栉首蚤饱血率差异有统计学意义,即大白鼠宿主型猫栉首蚤:X2=136.206,P0.001;小白鼠宿主型猫栉首蚤:X2=219.709,P0.001;大白鼠株及小白鼠株猫栉首蚤的吸血率和饱血率均随着吸血时间的延长呈递增趋势;猫株猫栉首蚤对3种供血动物的喜好顺序为猫大白鼠=小白鼠,大白鼠株猫栉首蚤为大白鼠猫小白鼠,小白鼠株猫栉首蚤为小白鼠猫大白鼠。
[Abstract]:Ctenophora tenuifolia is one of the most important vector organisms, and its adult fleas absorb blood. The flea is a cosmopolitan species that has not been reported in other provinces (autonomous regions) except Qinghai, Tibet and Gansu provinces in China. The flea has a wide range of hosts, mainly carnivorous animals such as cats and dogs, which are occasionally found in Rattus norvegicus. As the flea stings blood sucking, it can cause allergic dermatitis and anemia in humans or animals. Can also spread a variety of bacteria, such as Hansebaltonella, Rickettsia, virus, Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the biological characteristics of Ctenophora felis. This study is based on the laboratory domesticated strains of rats and mice, Ctenophora tenuifolia and cats collected on the body surface of domestic cats. A Ctenophora felis strain was used as the research object. The effects of temperature and humidity on the survival time of Ctenopsylla felis were investigated, and the effects of cross blood supplying animals on the egg, larval and pupa stages of Ctenophora tenuifolia were studied. At the same time, the effects of emergence time and blood absorption time on the blood absorption rate and blood satiety rate were studied. In this study, the growth, development and blood absorption rate were studied. The biological characteristics of different host types of Ctenophora ctenophora were systematically understood, and the basic data for the establishment of standardized laboratory population were provided. On the other hand, the changes of bloodsucking behavior of Ctenophora tenuifolia were evaluated after changing the blood supply host. To provide clues for the investigation of the field work and the prevention and control work in the future, The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. When the temperature is the same, the survival time is prolonged with the increase of relative humidity. At the same humidity, the higher the temperature, the shorter the survival time of Ctenophora tenuifolia, but there was no significant difference in temperature and humidity between rats and mice. Therefore, Ctenophora felis was more sensitive to high temperature and low humidity. It was suggested that special attention should be paid to the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on Ctenophora tenuifolia in the follow-up tests. It was found that the egg hatching rate of Ctenopsylla ctenophora was higher than that of the other three combinations. There was no significant difference in pupation rate among the four combinations. There was no significant difference in pupation rate between the four combinations. There was a significant difference in the pupal stage distribution of the pupa between Ctenopsylla tenuifolia and the other three combinations, and there was a significant difference in the pupa period between the four groups. There was no significant difference in egg stage (mean 2.6 卤0.8 d), larval stage (mean 12.4 卤1.3 d), pupa stage (3.7 卤0.7 d). There was no significant difference in the blood absorption rate of Ctenopsylla spp. The difference of full blood rate of ctenophora was statistically significant. In other words, the percentage of blood absorption and full blood of Ctenophora tenuifolia was increased with the prolongation of the time of blood sucking, that is to say, the host type of Ctenophora tenuifolia: X2: 136.206 (P0.001); the host type of Ctenocephalus tenuifolia: X219.709 (P0.001); The order of preference of Ctenocephalus felis to three kinds of blood supplying animals was: cat white rat = small white mouse, cat ctenocephala of big white rat, cat mouse of Ctenocephalus tenuifolia and Ctenocephalus tenuifolia of the little white mouse. The order of preference of the three species of blood supplying animals was as follows: cat white rat = small white mouse.
【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R384.3

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