量子纠缠和非局域游戏

发布时间：2018-03-03 20:13

  本文选题：量子纠缠　切入点：非局域性　出处：《中国科学院大学(中国科学院物理研究所)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：量子纠缠是一种出现在复合系统中的物理现象。这种物理现象是子系统的一种非经典关联,这种非经典关联有着很多重要的应用。特别是在量子信息领域,量子纠缠是一些量子信息任务的非常有用的资源,这些量子信息任务包括量子密钥分配,量子远程传输和量子算法等。尽管量子纠缠对环境很敏感,但是它却有很强的概念性和数学性,我们可以从多个方面探索研究它的丰富的结构。本文从三个方面探讨了量子纠缠的结构,包括它的贝尔非局域性,非经典关联性以及基于它的几何性质的纠缠证据。除此之外还详细探讨了和这三个性质紧密相关的量子游戏,分别是非局域游戏,半量子非局域游戏以及纠缠证据游戏。在这三种游戏中,纠缠态都作为一种有用的资源而存在,但是这三种游戏利用纠缠态的原理却不相同。非局域游戏利用了纠缠态的非局域性。半量子非局域游戏利用的是纠缠态的非经典关联性,也即纠缠态不能被分离态通过局域算符和共享随机性所创造的性质。基于这两种游戏,我们提出了一种基于纠缠证据的量子游戏,这种纠缠证据游戏是利用纠缠态和分离态的几何性质使得纠缠态成为一种有用的资源的。
[Abstract]:Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs in composite systems. This physical phenomenon is a non-classical association of subsystems, which has many important applications, especially in the field of quantum information. Quantum entanglement is a very useful resource for quantum information tasks, such as quantum key distribution, quantum remote transmission, quantum algorithms and so on. However, it has strong conceptual and mathematical properties. We can explore its rich structure from many aspects. In this paper, we discuss the structure of quantum entanglement from three aspects, including its Bell nonlocality. Non-classical relevance and entangled evidence based on its geometric properties. In addition, the quantum games which are closely related to these three properties are discussed in detail, which are non-local games. The semi-quantum nonlocal game and the entangled evidence game. In all three games, entangled states exist as a useful resource. However, the three kinds of games use entangled states differently. Non-local games utilize the nonlocality of entangled states, and semi-quantum non-local games use non-classical correlations of entangled states. That is, entangled states can not be separated by local operators and shared randomness. Based on these two games, we propose a quantum game based on entangled evidence. This entanglement evidence game is based on the geometric properties of entangled and separated states, which make entangled states a useful resource.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学(中国科学院物理研究所)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O413
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本文编号：1562528