基于3S技术的辽河流域（吉林省段）景观格局演变及关键性生态空间辨识研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 06:03

本文选题：生态空间　切入点：景观格局　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：辽河流域(吉林省段)属于生态脆弱区,城镇化进程加快、人类活动加剧,造成该区生产与生活空间不断扩张,生态空间不断受到侵占,导致景观结构整体性和连续性遭到破坏,生态系统服务功能降低,土地利用结构不合理,生境质量下降。本文以可持续发展理论、生态安全理论、复合生态系统理论和景观生态学理论为理论基础,利用3S技术研究吉林省辽河流域的生态空间演变特征;整合多源空间数据与非遥感数据构建研究区1989年~2012年的生态空间数据库,运用Fragstats软件分析研究区1989年到2012年间景观格局的变化规律。针对研究区生态系统的特点及演变规律,分析、筛选、构建区域关键性生态空间辨识的指标体系,获取影响生物多样性、土壤保持和水资源安全的单因子指标空间分布图,对单因子指标进行分级赋值的基础上完成单因子生态空间重要性的识别。基于景观格局演变规律,根据土地生态适宜性、景观整体性和连续性,统筹考虑现有土地利用/土地覆被现状及生态保护和修复需求,科学界定保障生物多样性安全的关键生态空间、土壤保持的关键性生态空间、保障区域水资源安全的关键生态空间。借助GIS空间分析技术综合分析各单因子生态重要性指数,利用层次分析法建立各指标的分级测度,在ArcGIS平台下获取区域关键性生态空间的综合识别分级图。研究结果表明吉林省辽河流域景观连通性较好,景观格局复杂程度降低,受外界干扰程度较大。研究区核心型生态用地主要分布于研究区的东南部山区和中部的河流水系附近,是区域生态保护和生态修复的重点区域。需加强对研究区生物多样性、水源地水质的保护,提高土壤保持能力。通过对吉林省辽河流域关键生态空间的辨识,可为区域生态安全评价和预警提供理论支撑,为区域生态环境管理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Liaohe River Basin (Jilin Province) belongs to the ecological fragile area, the urbanization process is accelerated, the human activity intensifies, causes the production and the living space in this area to expand unceasingly, the ecological space unceasingly suffers the occupation, As a result, the whole and continuity of landscape structure is destroyed, the ecosystem service function is reduced, the land use structure is unreasonable, and the habitat quality is decreased. This paper is based on the theory of sustainable development and ecological security. Based on the theory of complex ecosystem and landscape ecology, the ecological spatial evolution characteristics of Liaohe River basin in Jilin Province were studied by 3s technique. The ecological spatial database of the study area from 1989 to 2012 was constructed by integrating multi-source spatial data and non-remote sensing data. The changes of landscape pattern between 1989 and 2012 in the study area were analyzed by using Fragstats software. The characteristics and evolution rules of ecosystem in the study area were analyzed. Analysis, screening and construction of regional key ecological spatial identification index system, to obtain the impact of biodiversity, soil conservation and water resources security of single-factor spatial distribution map, The recognition of the importance of single factor ecological space is completed on the basis of grading assignment of single factor index. Based on the evolution law of landscape pattern, according to the land ecological suitability, landscape integrity and continuity, Considering the existing land use / land cover status and ecological protection and restoration needs, scientifically defining the key ecological space for biodiversity security and the key ecological space for soil conservation, The key ecological space to ensure the regional water resources security. By means of the GIS spatial analysis technology, the ecological importance index of each single factor is synthetically analyzed, and the hierarchical measure of each index is established by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The comprehensive identification and grading map of the key ecological space in Jilin Province was obtained under the ArcGIS platform. The results showed that the landscape connectivity of Liaohe River Basin in Jilin Province was good, and the complexity of landscape pattern was reduced. The core ecological land in the study area is mainly distributed in the southeastern mountainous area and near the river system in the middle of the study area, which is the key area of ecological protection and ecological restoration in the study area, and the biodiversity of the study area should be strengthened. Through the identification of the key ecological space in Liaohe River Basin of Jilin Province, it can provide theoretical support for regional ecological security evaluation and early warning, and provide scientific basis for the management of regional ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901

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