黑龙江省天然晶质石墨资源分布及矿床成因研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 22:11

  本文选题：资源分布　切入点：区域变质　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：天然晶质石墨矿产是我国重要的大宗优势非金属矿产,是传统工业和战略新兴产业所必须的矿物原料。目前我国的石墨资源处于比较尴尬的地位:低价出口石墨原料,高价进口石墨产品,这种贸易的逆差造成我国的天然石墨资源过度开采和浪费。黑龙江省是我国晶质石墨储量最大的省份,省内的矿床类型主要为区域变质型,且矿床规模较大,目前已经发现的石墨矿床包括矿产地在内54处,其中超大型石墨矿床有三处。通过对省内石墨矿产地资料的收集和制图,发现省内的石墨矿床主要分布在佳木斯地块,即鸡西-双鸭山-萝北一带。区域变质型石墨矿床又以鳞片大的为优质矿产,其中萝北云山石墨矿床号称“亚洲第一大石墨矿床”。黑龙江省的晶质石墨矿床的赋矿地层主要以前寒武老的变质岩系,赋矿地层的区域变质程度一般达到角闪岩相和麻粒岩相。石墨矿床的矿体产状和围岩产状一致表现为同时代沉积特征,矿体的产出主要受原始沉积地层中有机碳的控制,地层中沉积的有机质在后期区域变质作用下形成石墨矿体,因此晶质石墨矿床具有“层控”矿床的特征。区域上高的温压条件能够使有机碳在变质作用下完成碳的构造有序化,促使有机碳结晶成鳞片状石墨。黑龙江省三个矿床石墨碳同位素的分析测试数值都在-20.8‰到-17.8‰之间,主要集中分布-20‰左右。这个数值与现代动、植物,现代有机质、石油、煤、沥青及非海生、海生有机物的δ~(13)C数值范围(-10~-40‰之间)完全一致,而与灰岩和大理岩中的~(13)C的范围相差较大,从而表明黑龙江省石墨矿床的碳质来源主要来自于有机碳。通过对省内三个石墨矿床分布和成矿规律的对比研究,总结出石墨矿床的找矿标志为岩性标志和地层标志,认为未来黑龙江省石墨矿产的勘查部署的重点区域应该是已知矿产地的外围。
[Abstract]:Natural crystalline graphite mineral is one of the most important nonmetallic minerals in China, and is the necessary mineral material for traditional industry and strategic new industry. At present, graphite resources in China are in an awkward position: exporting graphite raw materials at low prices. The high price import graphite products, this kind of trade deficit causes the natural graphite resources in our country to be over-exploited and wasted. Heilongjiang Province is the province with the largest reserves of crystalline graphite, and the deposit type in the province is mainly regional metamorphism. The deposits are large in scale. At present, 54 graphite deposits have been discovered, including mineral sites, of which there are three super-large graphite deposits. Through the collection and mapping of the data of graphite deposits in the province, It is found that the graphite deposits in the province are mainly distributed in Jiamusi block, that is, Jixi-Shuangyashan-Luobei area. The regional metamorphic graphite deposits are of high quality with large scales. The Yunshan graphite deposit in Luobei is known as "the largest graphite deposit in Asia". The ore-bearing strata of crystalline graphite deposits in Heilongjiang Province are mainly pre-Cambrian old metamorphic rocks. The degree of regional metamorphism of ore-bearing strata generally reaches amphibolite facies and granulite facies. The occurrence of ore body and surrounding rock of graphite deposit are consistent with the characteristics of contemporaneous sedimentation, and the production of orebody is mainly controlled by organic carbon in the original sedimentary strata. The organic matter deposited in the strata formed graphite orebody under the late regional metamorphism, so the crystalline graphite deposit has the characteristics of "stratabound" deposit. The high temperature and pressure conditions in the region can make organic carbon complete the structural ordering of carbon under metamorphism. The analytical and testing values of graphite carbon isotopes of the three deposits in Heilongjiang Province ranged from -20.8 鈥，

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