大别山区疣螈属一新种鉴定及其保护遗传学初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 11:44

本文选题：疣螈属　切入点：新种　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：依托大别山地区的两栖爬行动物监测工作,在安徽岳西鹞落坪国家级自然保护区发现疣螈属新物种。基于线粒体多基因(NM1、ND2、Cytb)序列构建疣螈属系统发育树,结果显示其与文县疣螈、宽脊疣螈、大别疣螈亲缘关系较近,但其在系统发生中单独聚为一支。该新种疣螈属其它物种之间有着明显的差异,其主要形态特征为:头长大于头宽,头侧脊棱明显而且向内弯曲;指、趾末端、泄殖孔周缘及尾下缘呈现桔红色。通过形态学与分子系统学分析,认为该物种应属于细痣疣螈种组,并将其命名为安徽疣螈(Tylototriton anhuiensis sp.nov.)。为了对该物种开展进一步的保护遗传学研究,本论文还完成了对三种微卫星的分离和筛选,并得到17个多态性较好的位点,其中两碱基重复位点8个、三碱基重复位点1个,四碱基重复位点8个。在32个安徽疣螈中,两碱基微卫星位点的期望杂合度(He):0.538～0.881、观测杂合度(Ho):0.719～1.000、PIC值:0.419～0.85、等位基因数(NA):从3～13;三碱基位点的期望杂合度0.813、观测杂合度1.000、PIC值0.776;四碱基位点的期望杂合度0.593～0.843、观测杂合度0.448～0.80、PIC值0.558～0.811、等位基因数5～13。本研究还测定了安徽疣螈线粒体基因组。线粒体基因组全长为16259bp,碱基组成为A 33.6%、G 14.5%、C 26.3%、T 25.6%。安徽疣螈线粒体基因结构与经典脊椎动物基因排列一致,由38个基因组成,其中包括22个tRNA、2个rRNA(12s和16s)、13个蛋白质编码区及一个非编码的控制区(D-loop)。基于线粒体基因组构建的系统发生数分为明显的两支,分别对应于棕黑疣螈种组和细痣疣螈种组。棕黑疣螈种组内的物种之间的系统关系未得到很好的支持,棕黑疣螈与红瘰疣螈、滇南疣螈的关系非常接近,其分类地位可能需要进一步的研究。在细痣疣螈种组内,安徽疣螈和文县疣螈关系最近,互为姊妹种。系统发生分析揭示了细痣疣螈、文县疣螈和安徽疣螈三者的密切关系,也解释了在研究历史上这几个物种的名称变化过程的缘由。
[Abstract]:Based on the monitoring of amphibians and reptiles in the Dabie Mountain area, a new species of the genus Vapanus was found in Yuexi Hailuping National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province. Based on the sequence of mitochondrial polygene NM1Nd2 (Cytb), the phylogenetic tree of the genus was constructed. The phylogenetic relationship of the two species is close, but it is a single branch in the phylogenesis. There are obvious differences among other species of this new species, the main morphological characteristics are that the head grows larger than the width of the head. The edge of the cephalic ridge was obvious and bent inward; the ends of the fingers, the ends of the toes, the margin around the ejaculation pore and the lower margin of the tail were orange red. By morphological and molecular systematics analysis, it was concluded that the species should belong to the group of Nevus verrucatus. The species was named Tylototriton anhuiensis sp.nov.All the three microsatellites were isolated and screened in this paper, and 17 polymorphic loci were obtained in order to further study the conservation genetics of the species. Among them, 8 were two base repeats, 1 tribasic repeats and 8 tetrabasic repeats. The expected heterozygosity of two base microsatellite loci (Hew: 0.538 / 0.881), the observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.7191.000), the number of alleles: from 3 to 13; the expected heterozygosity of three base loci from 3 to 13; the expected heterozygosity of three base sites from 0.813; the expected heterozygosity of four base sites from 0.593 to 0.843; the observed heterozygosity from 0.4480.80 to 0.80; The total length of mitochondrial genome was 16259bpp, and the base composition was A33.6C 26.3C 26.3T 25.60.The mitochondrial gene structure of Anhuianotl was consistent with that of the classical vertebrate genes, and the total length of the mitochondrial genome was 16259bpand the base composition of the mitochondrial genome was A33.6c26.3 T25.60.The results showed that the mitochondrial gene structure of Anhuianotl was consistent with that of the classical vertebrates. It consists of 38 genes, including 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNA(12s and 16 sRNAs, 13 protein coding regions and a non-coding control region, D-loop. The number of phylogeny constructed based on mitochondrial genome is divided into two distinct branches. The phylogenetic relationship between the species in the group was not well supported, and the relationship among the species was very close to that of the S.scrofula, and the relationship between the two species was very close to that in the south of Yunnan, and the relationship between the species of the species was not well supported, and the relationship between the two groups was very close, and the relationship between the two groups was very close. Its taxonomic status may need further study. In the group of Nevus verrucatus species, the relationship between Anhui warts and Wenxian warts is very recent, and they are sister species. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the close relationship among the three species: Nevus nevus, Wenxian warts and Anhui warts. It also explains how the names of these species have changed over the course of research.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q959

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