黔南布依族苗族自治州土地利用时空演变及景观生态安全格局分析

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:34

本文选题：黔南布依族苗族自治州　切入点：土地利用　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：合理的土地利用以及较高的景观生态安全对发展少数民族地区经济,提高人民生活水平和改善人民生活质量具有重要意义。我国西南少数民族地区在经济发展的同时也面临着土地利用效率不高和生态环境破坏等一系列问题,很多民族地区受到生态环境恶化的困扰,但是地处贵州高原与广西丘陵过渡地带的黔南布依族苗族自治州(黔南州)却保持了自然资源与生态环境的可持续性。2011年,习近平同志在黔南州贵定县视察时首次提出"要在更高境界上做到绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要指示。本文在此大背景下,利用黔南州1995年、2000年、2005年,2010年和2015年5期遥感影像数据,结合该州DEM、林相图及相关统计资料,在ENVI5.1、ArcGIS10.2、Fragstats4.2,SPSS20等软件工具的支持下,对黔南州土地利用变化,民族村寨空间分布以及黔南州景观生态安全格局进行了研究。主要研究结果如下:(1)对1995年-2015年土地利用类型面积变化和景观格局指数的变化进行分析,研究结果表明:林地是黔南州主要的土地利用类型,1995年-2015年林地、未利用地面积减少,耕地、草地、水域和建筑用地面积增加。在土地利用水平上,全州土地利用格局整体呈现分散化的趋势,斑块向破碎化及形状复杂化发展,景观多样性上升;在景观要素水平上,林地向破碎化、分散化、斑块形状多样化发展,耕地向斑块扩大化、集中化发展;在县域水平上,各市县的景观格局变化不尽相同,并且呈现东西部地区差异,与全州土地利用整体水平的变化相比也有差异,说明黔南州土地利用格局的在时间上和空间上均发生改变。本文使用主成分分析法和简单相关性分析法对1995年-2015年黔南布依族苗族自治州的土地利用时空演变的驱动因素进行研究,研究结果表明20年间引起土地利用动态变化的主要驱动因素为温度变化、自然灾害频数变化和人口变化。(2)对黔南州民族村寨空间分布模式和1995年-2015年间黔南州民族村寨不同尺度缓冲区的景观格局指数进行了分析,研究结果表明:黔南布依族苗族自治州的民族村寨主要分布于低坡度、低海拔地区,其拥有独特的土地利用格局。在3km缓冲区内,斑块向破碎化、聚集化方向发展;在6km缓冲区内,斑块向着破碎化、分散化方向发展。(3)采用最小积累阻力模型对2015年黔南州民族村寨扩张阻力进行分析,在此基础上,探讨2015年黔南州景观生态安全格局,研究发现:黔南州2015年的景观生态安全格局存在高度空间自相关性,景观生态安全区呈密集化分布态势,从西南向东北方向景观生态安全呈下降趋势。
[Abstract]:Rational land use and high landscape ecological security are of great significance to the development of the economy, the improvement of the people's living standard and the improvement of the people's quality of life in minority areas.At the same time of economic development, minority areas in southwest China are also facing a series of problems, such as low efficiency of land use and destruction of ecological environment. Many ethnic minority areas are troubled by the deterioration of ecological environment.But Qiannan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Qiannan prefecture), which is located in the transitional zone between Guizhou Plateau and Guangxi Hilly region, has maintained the sustainability of natural resources and ecological environment.During his inspection of Guiding County, Qiannan Prefecture, Comrade Xi Jinping first put forward the important directive that "green water and green mountain is Jinshan Yinshan in a higher level."Under this background, the paper uses five periods of remote sensing image data in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in Qiannan prefecture, combining with the state demm, forest phase diagram and related statistics, with the support of ENVI5.1 ArcGIS10.2 Fragstats4.2 SPSS20 and other software tools, to the land use change of Qiannan prefecture.The spatial distribution of ethnic villages and the landscape ecological security pattern in Qiannan Prefecture were studied.The main results are as follows: (1) the change of land use type area and landscape pattern index from 1995 to 2015 are analyzed. The results show that forest land is the main land use type in Qiannan prefecture, and the unused land area decreases from 1995 to 2015.The area of cultivated land, grassland, water area and construction land increased.At the level of land use, the pattern of land use in the whole state showed a trend of decentralization, the patch developed to fragmentation and complicated shape, the diversity of landscape increased, and at the level of landscape elements, the forest land became fragmented and decentralized.Patch shape diversified development, cultivated land to patch expansion, centralized development; at the county level, the landscape pattern of cities and counties varies, and presents the difference between eastern and western regions,Compared with the change of the whole land use level, the land use pattern of Qiannan prefecture has changed in time and space.In this paper, principal component analysis and simple correlation analysis are used to study the driving factors of land use spatial and temporal evolution in Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Qiannan from 1995 to 2015.The results show that the main driving factor of land use dynamic change in the past 20 years is temperature change.The spatial distribution pattern of ethnic villages in Qiannan prefecture and the landscape pattern index of buffer zones of different scales between 1995 and 2015 in Qiannan prefecture were analyzed.The results show that the minority villages of Buyi and Miao autonomous prefectures in southern Guizhou are mainly distributed in low slope and low altitude areas, and have a unique land use pattern.In the buffer zone of 3km, patches develop towards fragmentation and agglomeration, and in 6km buffer zone, patches develop towards fragmentation and decentralization) the resistance of ethnic villages in Qiannan prefecture in 2015 is analyzed by using the model of minimum accumulated resistance.On this basis, the landscape ecological security pattern of Qiannan prefecture in 2015 is discussed. It is found that the landscape ecological security pattern of Qiannan prefecture in 2015 is highly spatial autocorrelation, and the landscape ecological security zone is densely distributed.Landscape ecological security declined from southwest to northeast.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F301.2;P901

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