腾冲北海湿地湿生植物资源与可持续性研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 08:17

本文选题：北海湿地社会—生态系统 + 湿生植物多样性　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地是水生、陆生生态系统相互交错延伸形成的重叠空间区域,被称为"地球之肾"。它是物种的基因库,与海洋和森林并称为全球三大生态系统。本文研究地——腾冲北海湿地,是国家首批公布的全国重点湿地之一,虽面积较小,但存在着我国西南地区唯一、国内少见的一种独特的湿地生态类型——高原漂浮状苔草沼泽湿地。在我国西南部乃至全国具有突出的生态系统代表性和重要的科研价值。作为一个复杂的、具有适应性和不确定性的、不断变化着的社会—生态系统,北海湿地社会—生态系统的可持续性依赖于湿地与各个利益相关者之间的相互协调。这是一种复杂的多元立体的结构关系,不能简单的通过工程性思维加以解释和改变。本文采用文献调查法、参与式农村评估、关键人物访谈法、野外调查、标本鉴别等方法,对北海湿地湿生植物资源及可持续性管理进行了研究。研究结果如下:1.北海湿地湿生植物资源现状及变化。实地调查(2015年7-8月,2016年7-8月)共记录湿地湿生植物44科73属89种(含变种),莎草科、禾本科是优势种。可将该地的植物群落大致分为沉水植物群系、浮水(叶)植物群系、挺水植物群系和杂类草群系共4大群系,33个群丛。调查结果中有36种物种不在2008年的《北海湿地省级自然保护区总体规划》所列附录中,有70种上述附录所列湿生植物未调查到,除有调查范围不同等客观原因外,也表明北海湿地湿生植物物种发生了较大变化。2.湿地健康状况变化。据湿地周边社区居民观察,湿地健康水平20年来呈下降趋势,湿地生态系统的维持受到挑战。主要判断依据为:(1)燕子花植物株高有所降低,数量减少;(2)席草过度蔓延;(3)部分草排连结成片;以及(4)紫茎泽兰、凤眼莲等外来物入侵物种出现。本文通过实地调查数据分析基本支持这一结论,但对燕子花和水葱的推测还需更长时间、更多样点的观察。3.人为活动对北海湿地生态子系统的影响。研究显示:此前延续多年的农林牧渔复合社会—生态系统中,人类出于自身利益进行的经济活动对湿地生态的干预,对保持湿地生态健康、持续发展,产生的影响基本正面;北海湿地转化为"自然保护区+公园"社会—生态系统后,其降低人类活动对湿地生态系统的干扰,扩大北海湿地水面面积等生态保护目标,得以快速实现;湿地社会—生态系统是一个人与自然互相作用的复杂适应系统,具有不可预期性等多种特征,由于人类对自然界生态系统转化规律认知的历史局限,某些被动开展的保护性措施(如拦水坝的建造、隔绝当地社区对湿地湿生植物传统方式的利用等)可能带来破坏性的反效果。通过调查该湿地湿生植物多样性及周边社区居民对其资源利用方式,旨在全面了解湿地湿生植物资源的现状及其变化原因,进一步探讨资源利用与管理方式对湿地资源保护的作用与意义,并通过社会—生态系统(SESs)及弹韧性理论理解北海湿地社会—生态系统,为当地社会—生态系统可持续性及物种多样性的利用等相关方面提供科学依据与数据支持,为当地资源管理部门的政策制定与实施提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Wetlands are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are mutually staggered overlapping extension of space form, known as the "kidney of the earth". It is the gene pool of species, and the sea and the forest and called three global ecosystem. The research of Tengchong Beihai wetland, wetland is one of the key national promulgated by the State Council. Although the area is small, but there is only the southwest area of our country, the domestic rare a unique wetland type - shaped floating plateau marsh wetland ecosystem. It has prominent representative and important scientific value in Southwest China and even the whole country. As a complex, adaptive and uncertainty. Social ecological system changing, the mutual coordination between the sustainability of social ecological system in Beihai wetland on wetland and various stakeholders. This is a complicated three-dimensional structure The relationship, not simply by engineering thinking explain and change. This paper uses the method of literature survey, participatory rural appraisal, key interviews, field investigation, specimen identification method of wetland plant resources in Beihai wetlands and sustainable management were studied. The results are as follows: 1. the status and changes of Beihai wetland wetland plants resource investigation. (2015 7-8, 2016 7-8 months) were recorded in wetland aquatic plants of 44 families 73 genera and 89 species (including varieties), Cyperaceae, Gramineae is the dominant species. The plant community can be roughly divided into submerged vegetation types, floating (leaf) plant formations, formations and aquatic plants a total of 4 large forbs formations, and 33 associations. The result of the investigation there are 36 species in the overall planning of the 2008 > < Beihai provincial Wetland Nature Reserve as listed in the appendix, there are 70 kinds of wetland plants listed in the appendix to the survey did not, in addition to a tune Check the range of different objective reasons, also indicating the changes of large changes in health status of Beihai.2. wetland wetland aquatic plant species. According to the observation of wetlands surrounding community residents, wetland health level showed a downward trend over the past 20 years, the wetland ecosystem maintenance challenge. Main basis for judgment: (1) the swallow flower plant height decreased, the decrease in the number of; (2) rush over the spread of; (3) the grass row link piece; and (4) Eupatorium adenophorum, Eichhornia crassipes foreign object invasive species. Through field survey data analysis support this conclusion, but to swallow the flowers and Tabernaemontani that still need more time, more influence the observation of.3. samples of human activities on Beihai wetland ecological system. It shows that the agricultural complex social ecological system to a continuation of the previous years, human beings for their own interests in the economic activities on the wetland ecosystem The intervention, sustainable development to maintain wetland ecosystem health, and the impact of basic positive; Beihai wetland into a "natural area Park +" social ecological system protection, reduce the interference of human activities on the ecological system of wetland, the expansion of the Beihai wetland surface area ecological protection goals, to realize social wetland; the ecological system is a complex adaptive system, man and nature interact with each other, can not be expected of a variety of characteristics, due to historical limitations of human cognitive law of natural ecological system transformation, to carry out some passive protective measures (such as dam construction, the use of local communities to isolated wetland aquatic vegetation in traditional way such as possible) the effect of anti damage. Through the use of its resources to investigate the wetland aquatic plant diversity and community residents, aimed at a comprehensive understanding of wetland resources and wetland plants The current situation and reasons for the changes, to further explore the role and significance of resource utilization and management of wetland resources protection, and through the social ecological system (SESs) and toughness of theoretical understanding of Beihai wetland social ecological system, for the local social ecological system and sustainable utilization of species diversity and other related aspects of providing scientific basis and the data support, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of local resources management departments to implement the policy.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q948

【参考文献】