月球断裂和皱脊构造分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 15:56

本文选题：月球 + 断裂　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：月球表面主要有环形和线性两种构造类型。构造特征对于研究月球地质演化具有重要的意义。线性构造是月球表面一种线状延伸的构造现象,其在月球表面的分布特征与月球内动力地质作用有着紧密的联系。相比于环形构造,线性构造能够反映出全月球或区域性的构造特征与应力状态,甚至能够反映出月球内部的地质信息。断裂和皱脊构造作为月球表面最常见的线性构造,分布具有全球性且有一定的规律性,一直是国内外研究月表构造的重点。上世纪至今,苏联、美国、日本、中国等国家相继发射了多种类型的月球探测器,获取了大量高质量的探月数据,对研究月球表面的构造提供了极大的帮助。以遥感地质学为基础,结合传统构造地质理论,运用多种遥感数据处理技术手段,综合月球光谱数据、月球地形数据以及月球重力数据等资料,建立月球线性构造解译标志。在此基础之上,以嫦娥二号CCD影像数据(1:250万)为主,兼辅以其不同比例尺(如1:100万)图像,参考美国LROC宽角相机数据、LOLA激光高度计数据以及GRAIL重力数据,对全月断裂构造进行解译。统计分析全月断裂构造的数量、分布特征,分别从低纬、中纬、高纬三个纬度范围对断裂构造进行统计,进而分析断裂构造在不同纬度范围内的方位特征。其中,低纬度地区多分布南北向断裂构造,中纬度地区北东、北西、北北东、北北西、北东东与北西西六个方向的断裂构造较发育,中低纬度带有稀疏的东西向断裂构造,月表数量最多的东西向断裂构造主要集中分布在高纬度地区,连续性强,有一定的规律性。从相对时代和绝对年龄两方面对断裂构造的时代进行分析。利用断裂构造间的穿插、截断、叠覆关系,判断断裂构造形成的相对时代。利用撞击坑大小-频率分布定年法确定赫西奥德月溪形成在晚爱拉托逊世。使用欧拉反演方法分析雨海盆地断裂构造的性质,结果表明雨海盆地中存在两种不同性质的断裂构造,并在此基础上讨论月球断裂构造形成的动力学机制。在前人月球皱脊研究的基础上,进一步对月球皱脊的形成时代和形成机制进行分析。选取风暴洋、雨海、澄海、危海内部,以及冷海和知海附近六个地区典型皱脊为例,利用撞击坑大小-频率分布定年法确定其形成时代。根据皱脊群组性分布特征及月海盆地地层单元年代,可推测月球皱脊形成于月海盆地玄武岩填充之后。月球皱脊是月球表面一种主要的线性构造,目前对皱脊成因的解释可归纳为两种:火山作用成因和构造作用成因。实际上,这两种成因的皱脊都存在。通过两种成因的皱脊特点分析,提出不同成因下月球皱脊的分类依据,并在此基础之上对全月皱脊进行分类。结合皱脊形成时代,可知构造作用形成皱脊的时代主要为晚雨海世至早爱拉托逊世,火山作用形成皱脊的时代主要为晚雨海世。
[Abstract]:There are two main types of structure on the lunar surface: annular and linear. Tectonic features are of great significance for the study of lunar geological evolution. Linear tectonics is a linear extension of the lunar surface. The distribution of linear tectonics on the lunar surface is closely related to the dynamic geology of the moon. Compared with the annular structure, the linear structure can reflect the tectonic characteristics and stress state of the whole moon or the region, and even the geological information of the lunar interior. As the most common linear structure on the lunar surface, fault and wrinkle structure has a global and regular distribution, which has always been the focus of the research on the surface structure of the moon at home and abroad. So far in the last century, the Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, China and other countries have launched a variety of types of lunar probes, and obtained a large number of high-quality lunar exploration data, which provides a great help for the study of the structure of the lunar surface. On the basis of remote sensing geology and combined with traditional tectono-geological theory, the interpretation mark of lunar linear structure is established by using various remote sensing data processing techniques and synthesizing lunar spectral data, lunar topographic data and lunar gravity data. On this basis, the Chang 'e-2 CCD image data (1: 2.5 million) is the main image, supplemented by the images of different scales (such as 1: 1 million), and referring to the LROC wide angle camera data of the United States, the Lola laser altimeter data and the GRAIL gravity data. The structure of the whole moon fault is interpreted. The number and distribution of the faulted structures in the whole moon are statistically analyzed. The fault structures are statistically analyzed from the low, middle and high latitudes, and the azimuth characteristics of the fault structures in different latitudes are analyzed. Among them, the fault structures in the low latitudes are mostly distributed in the north and north directions, and in the middle latitudes, the fault structures in the north east, north west, north east, north west, north west and north west are relatively developed, and the middle and low latitudes have sparse east-west fault structures. The east-west fault structures with the largest number of monthly surface are mainly distributed in high latitudes with strong continuity and certain regularity. The age of fault structure is analyzed in terms of relative age and absolute age. The relative age of fault structure formation is judged by the interlaced, truncated and overlapping relations between fault structures. The size-frequency distribution of impact craters was used to determine that the Hessiod Moon Creek was formed in the late Ailatoson. The Euler inversion method is used to analyze the characteristics of the fault structure in the Yuhai basin. The results show that there are two different types of fault structures in the Yuhai basin, and on this basis, the dynamic mechanism of the formation of the lunar fault structure is discussed. On the basis of previous researches on lunar ridges, the forming age and mechanism of lunar ridges are analyzed. Six typical ridges in storm ocean, rain sea, Chenghai, dangerous sea, cold sea and Zhihai are selected as examples. The age of formation is determined by the method of size and frequency distribution of impact crater. According to the distribution characteristics of wrinkle ridges and the age of stratigraphic units in the Yuehai basin, it can be inferred that the crinkle ridge of the moon was formed after the basalt filling in the Yuehai basin. The crinkle of the moon is one of the main linear structures on the lunar surface. At present, there are two kinds of explanation for the origin of the crinkle: the origin of volcanism and the origin of tectonic action. In fact, both of these creases exist. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of two kinds of creased ridges, the classification basis of lunar ridges in different causes is put forward, and the whole moon ridges are classified on the basis of this. Combined with the age of wrinkle ridges, it can be seen that the age of tectonic formation of wrinkle ridges was mainly from late rain sea to early Ailatoson, and that of volcanism was mainly from late rain sea to late rain sea.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P184

【相似文献】