青藏高原特有物种岷山蟾蜍身体大小的海拔变异

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:56

本文选题：岷山蟾蜍 + 身体大小　；参考：《信阳师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物的身体大小一直受到生物学家的关注,因为它与物种自身的生理性状和生态特征包括代谢率、发育时间、繁殖投入、繁殖力、寿命和迁移能力等有着密切的联系。此外,身体大小对物种之间的联系和群落格局的形成也能产生深远的影响。而且,不同种群之间的身体大小预示着该物种对当地环境条件的适应性。本研究以青藏高原特有物种岷山蟾蜍为研究对象,探究其生活史特征中身体大小与海拔高度的关系,从而揭示两栖动物身体大小海拔变异的机制,以便采取有效的保护。岷山蟾蜍生活在海拔1700-3700 m的青藏高原东部边缘区域。通常于每年3月中旬开始繁殖,属于爆发式繁殖。该物种生活环境之间的海拔差异,导致不同种群经历的生态条件差异显著,为检验生态压力与身体大小的关系提供了机会。由于海拔3000 m以下的栖息地受到人为干扰十分严重,调查中只发现极少数的繁殖个体,样本量不足5只/繁殖点,因此本文主要从海拔3000m以上区域选取岷山蟾蜍主要分布的6个研究点(3027 m、3221 m、3230 m、3443 m、3447 m和3448 m)的地理种群,包括尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区的五个研究点,以及四川若尔盖县红星乡1个。通过分析岷山蟾蜍的身体大小发现,它们遵循贝格曼规律,即身体大小随着海拔的升高而增大;相同海拔种群内的两性个体的体长与年龄也存在差异,即雌性个体身体大小和平均年龄大于雄性。海拔明显影响岷山蟾蜍的性成熟年龄,最高海拔种群性成熟年龄大于最低海拔种群。此外,海拔也影响寿命,表现出海拔越高,其性成熟年龄和寿命越大,这可能与不同种群栖息地的温度和天敌压力有关。基于von Bertalanffy生长模型,两栖动物成体的身体大小由年龄、生长率及变态大小三方面的因素控制,且这三方面的生活史特征随着环境温度和季节长度的改变遵循一定的规律。对于大多数遵循贝格曼规律的两栖动物来说,年龄对身体大小的影响超过了生长率的作用,然而该物种两性的生长率随着海拔的升高明显增大,即生长率对身体大小的影响超过了年龄的作用,这与前人的研究结果是不一致的。经过分析,我们认为低温导致种群生长率变大是引起该物种身体大小海拔变异的一个首要因素,其次是低温导致种群的性成熟年龄和寿命增大也是一个较为重要的原因。此外,除了温度,湿度和水可用性也可能影响生物身体大小的海拔变异。
[Abstract]:Biological body size has been concerned by biologists because it is closely related to the physiological and ecological characteristics of the species, including metabolic rate, developmental time, reproductive input, fecundity, longevity and migration ability. In addition, body size can also have a profound impact on the relationship between species and the formation of community patterns. Moreover, the body size of different populations indicates the species' adaptability to local environmental conditions. In this study, Minshan toad, a special species in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, was studied to explore the relationship between body size and altitude in its life history, so as to reveal the mechanism of altitude variation of amphibian body size in order to take effective protection. Minshan toad lives in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 1700-3700 m. Reproduction usually begins in mid-March of each year and is explosive. The difference of altitude between the living environment of this species leads to significant differences in the ecological conditions experienced by different populations, which provides an opportunity to test the relationship between ecological stress and body size. Because the habitat below 3000 m above sea level was seriously disturbed by human beings, only a few breeding individuals were found in the investigation, and the sample size was less than 5 / breeding sites. Therefore, this paper mainly selects the geographic population of Minshan toad from above 3000m, including five research sites of Gahai-tacha National Nature Reserve, which are 3 027 mU 3221 mU 3230 mU 3443 m 3447 m and 3448 m). As well as Ruoergai County, Sichuan Red Star Township 1. By analyzing the body size of toad in Minshan Mountain, it was found that they follow the Begman's law, that is, the body size increases with the increase of altitude, and the body length and age of both sexes in the same population at the same altitude are also different. That is, the body size and average age of female individuals are larger than that of males. The age of sexual maturation of toad in Minshan Mountain was significantly influenced by altitude, and the age of sexual maturation of the highest population was greater than that of the lowest one. In addition, altitude also affects life span, showing that the higher the altitude, the longer the age and longevity of sexual maturity, which may be related to the temperature and natural enemy pressure of different populations. Based on the von Bertalanffy growth model, the body size of amphibian adults is controlled by three factors: age, growth rate and metamorphosis, and the life history characteristics of these three aspects follow certain rules with the change of environmental temperature and seasonal length. For most amphibians who follow the Bergman pattern, age affects body size more than growth rate, but the gender growth rate of the species increases significantly with elevation. The effect of growth rate on body size exceeds that of age, which is inconsistent with previous studies. Through analysis, we think that the increase of population growth rate caused by low temperature is one of the most important factors that cause the variation of body size of this species at sea level, followed by the increase of sexual maturity age and longevity of the population caused by low temperature. In addition, temperature, humidity and water availability may also affect biological body size variations in altitude.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q958

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