高密度电法探测技术及其工程应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:27

本文选题：高密度电法 + 数据采集　；参考：《安徽建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：电法勘探作为一种常见的地球物理勘探方法,经常在实际工程中得以运用。高密度电法是电法勘探方法的一部分,它相对于普通勘探方法具有多快好省的特点,因此它经常在城市工程、地质工程、管线工程和考古工作等方面发挥了重要的作用,并且以其自身的特点取得了良好的效果。高密度电法测试装置有很多,如:温纳装置、微分装置、偶极装置、温施装置等。通过前人不断的尝试,温纳装置和偶极装置在高密度电法探测过程之中充分体现出了它的优势和适用性,本文对高密度电法的研究中主要运用的就是温纳装置,而这里对温纳装置进行研究也显得十分有意义。本文所研究的核心内容就是:第一是高密度电法正演计算,第二是高密度电法的反演成像。在本文中正演计算所采用的方法是有限差分法,该方法能较好的对求解区域进行网格剖分,并且将需要求解的微分方程转化为差分方程组进行求解。反演成像主要采用专门的软件对高密度电法数据先进行突变点剔除工作,再根据需要,进行数据圆滑处理和地形改正,最后通过剖面反演,绘制出电阻率反演成像彩色剖面图。本文主要通过将正反演结合到一起,验证了本文正反演方法的有效性和可行性。围绕高密度电法的研究本文具体开展了以下几个方面的工作:首先阐述了高密度电法的背景及其发展和研究现状,然后对高密度电法的基本原理和工作方法简要概括。借鉴前人工作成果,并结合自己的实践经验,研究了高密度电法野外数据采集工作方法,并分准备阶段、测试阶段和采集阶段三个阶段对其进行详细的说明。其次系统的阐述了高密度电法数据处理与分析有关的内容,其中包括对前期的数据预处理中剔除坏点、数据拼接、地形校正等过程,数据的实质性处理过程和数据的分析解释过程等都作了比较详细的介绍。再次介绍了高密度电法正演基本原理和有限差分法的计算原理,先利用差分方程组对异常场引起的电位进行求解,然后将正常场和异常场相加的方法得出总电位,并通过一个二维正演计算算例实现正演计算的试算并得出相应的正演剖面图。指出本文中进行高密度电法反演应用的主要装置以及反演成像方法和规律,并且通过对三个不同模型进行模拟研究,得出温纳装置对高阻和低阻异常情况的反演图。最后对本文所采取的资料处理方法进行了相应的分析说明,并通过两个具体的工程实例说明高密度电法的应用效果,研究高密度电法反演规律,得出相应的反演剖面图,为高密度电法工作的发展进步提供了理论依据和参考经验,而且还对本文研究的成果和不足做了补充说明。
[Abstract]:As a common geophysical exploration method, electrical exploration is often used in practical engineering. The high density electric method is a part of the electrical exploration method. It has the characteristics of more rapid and economical than the common exploration method, so it often plays an important role in urban engineering, geological engineering, pipeline engineering and archaeological work, etc. And has obtained the good result by its own characteristic. There are many high-density electrical testing devices, such as: Winner device, differential device, dipole device, temperature device and so on. Through repeated attempts by predecessors, Winner device and dipole device fully reflect its advantages and applicability in the process of high-density electrical detection. In this paper, Winner device is mainly used in the study of high-density electrical method. It is also very meaningful to study Winner device here. The main contents of this paper are as follows: first, the forward calculation of high density electrical method; secondly, the inversion imaging of high density electrical method. In this paper, the forward calculation method is the finite difference method, this method can better mesh the solution area, and the differential equations need to be solved into difference equations to solve. The inversion imaging mainly uses the special software to eliminate the abrupt point of the high-density electrical data first, then carries on the data smooth processing and the terrain correction according to the need, finally through the section inversion, draws the resistivity inversion imaging color profile map. The effectiveness and feasibility of the forward and inverse method are verified by combining the forward and inverse methods in this paper. This paper focuses on the research of high density electrical method. Firstly, the background, development and research status of high density electrical method are described, and then the basic principle and working method of high density electrical method are briefly summarized. Referring to the previous work results and combining with our own practical experience, this paper studies the field data acquisition method of high-density electrical method, and explains it in detail in three stages: preparation stage, test stage and acquisition stage. Secondly, the contents of high-density electrical data processing and analysis are systematically expounded, including the process of eliminating bad points, data splicing, terrain correction and so on. The substantive process of data processing and the process of data analysis and interpretation are introduced in detail. The basic principle of forward modeling of high density electric method and the calculation principle of finite difference method are introduced again. First, the potential caused by abnormal field is solved by using difference equations, and then the total potential is obtained by adding the normal field and abnormal field. A two-dimensional forward calculation example is used to realize the forward calculation and the corresponding forward section diagram is obtained. This paper points out the main equipment of high-density electrical inversion and the methods and rules of inversion imaging, and through the simulation of three different models, obtains the inversion map of the high-resistivity and low-resistivity anomalies of the Wenner device. Finally, the data processing method adopted in this paper is analyzed and explained, and the application effect of high density electrical method is illustrated by two concrete engineering examples, and the inversion law of high density electrical method is studied, and the corresponding inversion profile is obtained. It provides the theoretical basis and reference experience for the development and progress of the high-density electrical method, and also gives a supplementary explanation to the achievements and shortcomings of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.3

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