西藏血蜱超微形态和生活史的研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 19:22

  本文选题：西藏血蜱 + 超微形态　； 参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西藏血蜱Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraal,1965仅分布于西藏自治区及甘肃省,是GRD螺旋体和环状病毒的潜在载体,给人畜造成极大伤害。本文对西藏血蜱的超微形态和实验室条件下的生活史进行了深入研究,为蜱的物种鉴定、防控及蜱传疾病的研究奠定了基础。主要研究结果如下:1.目前对西藏血蜱的形态描述仅有成蜱和若蜱的一般形态学描述,有关幼蜱的形态特征尚不清楚。本文利用扫描电镜观察该蜱各时期尤其是幼蜱的形态特征,并与其它近似种进行比较。西藏血蜱幼蜱的特征为:假头基两侧缘前段大致平行。后端呈角状突出,后缘微弧形;基突付缺。假头基后缘呈宽“U”形;须肢棒形;第1节短小;第2节内缘腹背面刚毛各1根;第3节与第2节分界极不明显,腹面刺付缺;口下板略短于须肢,齿冠短小,齿式2/2,每列具齿约6~8枚;盾板梨形,前1/3处最宽;肩突短圆,缘凹宽浅,颈沟大致平行,末端达板长的中部,刻点稀少;足粗细适中;基节Ⅰ内距宽短,末端扁宽,基节Ⅱ内距粗短,三角形,基节Ⅲ末端圆钝;各转节腹距付缺;爪垫较短,约达爪长的1/2处。若蜱的识别特征为:须肢第二节腹面内缘刚毛2根;每纵列具齿8~10枚;基节Ⅰ内距短而钝,三角形,Ⅱ~Ⅳ呈脊状。雄蜱主要特征:须肢第二节腹面内缘刚毛4根;齿式5/5;内侧具齿约5枚,外侧约10枚;基节Ⅰ~Ⅲ内距宽短,末端钝,基节Ⅳ内距较细长。雌蜱的特征为:须肢第二节背面内缘刚毛3根,腹面内缘5根;齿式4/4.由内向外为9、12、14、14枚;基节Ⅰ内距圆钝,Ⅱ~Ⅲ内距呈脊状,Ⅳ内距略呈脊状。本文首次描述了西藏血蜱幼蜱的形态特征,并对其若蜱和成蜱的主要形态特征进行了更详尽的研究,与近似种做出对比,这将有助于血蜱属亚属的分类及该物种的鉴定。2.在实验室条件下对西藏血蜱的生活史进行研究。结果表明,西藏血蜱完成生活史所需平均时间为166.7天,幼蜱和若蜱平均发育期分别为34天和41.6天。雌蜱的吸血前期、吸血期和产卵前期历时23.9天,产卵期历时19.4天。孵化期需47.8天,为生活史中最长的时期。线性回归分析显示雌蜱饱血体重与产卵量呈正相关(r=0.9096)。雌蜱生殖效率指数和生殖适合度指数分别为5.2和4.5。
[Abstract]:Haemaphysalis Tibetan Haemaphysalis tibetensis Hoogstraallus was only distributed in Tibet Autonomous region and Gansu Province in 1965. It is a potential carrier of GRD spiralis and cyclic virus, causing great harm to human and animal. In this paper, the ultrastructure of Haemaphysalis Xizang and the life history under laboratory conditions were studied in order to lay a foundation for species identification, control and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. The main results are as follows: 1. At present, the morphological description of Haemaphysalis Xizang is only the general morphological description of adult and Icari, but the morphological characteristics of juvenile tick are not clear. The morphological characteristics of the ticks, especially the juvenile ticks, were observed by scanning electron microscope and compared with other similar species. The characteristics of juvenile Haemaphysalis Tibetan are as follows: the anterior segment of the bilateral margin of the false cephalus is approximately parallel. The posterior end is angular protruding, the posterior margin is arcuate; the basilar process is absent. The posterior margin of the pseudocephalic base is in the form of a broad "U" shape; the limb is clavelike; the first section is short; the ventral abaxial side of the second section has 1 setae each; the boundary between the third and the second segments is very indistinct and the ventral side is punctured; the suboral plate is slightly shorter than the limb of the suboid, and the crown of the tooth is short, Tooth type 2 / 2, each row with about 6 / 8 teeth; shield plate pear shape, with the widest width at the first 1 / 3; shoulder process short circle, margin concave wide and shallow, neck groove roughly parallel, end to the middle of plate length, notched point is rare; foot thickness is moderate; base section I is short in width, end is flat wide, The inner pitch of basal node 鈪，

本文编号：1879840