心灵计算理论中的计算形式观与计算语义观研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 21:21

  本文选题：心灵 + 计算　； 参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今主流的认知科学对人的思维或心灵的理解是一种计算-表征的方式。经典的心灵哲学理论对计算-表征模式的理解是强调计算和表征的独立性,它对计算的理解或观念被称为计算形式观,即计算过程或计算操作对被操作项的语义性质不敏感,而仅仅敏感于其形式性质或句法性质。如果我们接受心理过程是计算过程,计算是形式的,那么计算形式观的理论后果是:心理过程对心理表征的语义性质不敏感,而仅仅敏感于其形式性质。从奎因开始哲学家就试图论证意向性或心理表征的内容在严肃的科学讨论中不扮演任何角色。现在越来越多的哲学家开始反对这样一种对表征-计算模式的理解,反对计算和表征的独立性。主要的动机是:(1)对上述计算形式观的理论后果不满;(2)常识心理学认为,心理内容与心理过程因果相关;(3)当今科学心理学认为心理内容与心理过程解释相关。越来越多的哲学家开始辩护另一种对计算的理解,即计算语义观——计算过程或计算操作不仅对计算的形式性质敏感,而且对计算的语义性质敏感。本文试图辩护一种"标准计算形式观"。首先,由于传统的计算形式观的理论表述不一、表达暖昧,本文将对计算形式观进行严格描述,称该描述为"标准计算形式观"。标准计算形式观将满足两个条件:"句法规则"和"自由条件"。其次,本文试图说明计算语义观者对计算形式观的反驳实质上对"句法规则"或"自由条件"的反驳,在此基础上论证这两种反驳分别都是不成立的。并且,如果舍弃"句法规则"或"自由条件",计算语义观的理论将很难处理所谓的"数学问题"。然后,本文考察一种新近的、基于认知科学实践的计算语义观理论,它似乎可以解决"数学问题",成为有希望的替代理论。但是,本文将论证这种计算语义观无法规避"小矮人谬误"。最后,本文指出,虽然标准计算形式观的理论无法解决"协调问题",并且,与奎因等哲学家的认识相反,当前认知科学和科学心理学的实践偏向于计算语义观的立场,但是,正如文中分析,计算语义观距离成为一种成熟的哲学理论还面临着诸多困难。本文站在计算形式观的立场上。
[Abstract]:The understanding of human mind or mind by mainstream cognitive science is a computational-representation method. The classical philosophical theory of mind emphasizes the independence of computation and representation, and its understanding or concept of computation is called the concept of computational form, that is, the process or operation of calculation is insensitive to the semantic nature of the term being manipulated. Only sensitive to its formal or syntactic nature. If we accept that psychological process is computational process and calculation is formal, the theoretical consequence of computational formal view is that psychological process is not sensitive to the semantic nature of psychological representation, but only sensitive to its formal nature. Since Quinn, philosophers have tried to argue that intentionality or psychological representation does not play any role in serious scientific discussions. Now more and more philosophers are opposed to the understanding of representational-computing model and the independence of computation and representation. The main motivation is: (1) dissatisfied with the theoretical consequences of the above concept of computational form. (2) Common sense psychology holds that psychological content is related to psychological process causality (3) nowadays scientific psychology thinks that psychological content is related to psychological process interpretation. More and more philosophers begin to defend another kind of understanding of computation, that is, computational semantic view-the process or operation of computation is not only sensitive to the formal nature of computation, but also sensitive to the semantic nature of computation. This paper attempts to defend a "standard form of calculation". First of all, due to the different theoretical expression of the traditional concept of computational form, this paper will describe the concept of computational form strictly and call it "the standard view of computational form". Standard computational formalism will satisfy two conditions: syntactic rules and free conditions. Secondly, this paper attempts to explain the refutation of the computational semantic viewer's view of computational form to the "syntactic rules" or "free conditions" in essence. On this basis, it is proved that the two kinds of refutation are respectively untenable. Moreover, if we abandon the syntactic rules or free conditions, the theory of computational semantics will be difficult to deal with the so-called "mathematical problems". Then, this paper examines a new computational semantic theory based on the practice of cognitive science, which seems to solve "mathematical problems" and become a promising alternative theory. However, this paper will demonstrate that this view of computational semantics cannot avoid the "dwarf fallacy". Finally, this paper points out that although the theory of standard computational form can not solve the "coordination problem", and contrary to the understanding of Quinn and other philosophers, the current practice of cognitive science and scientific psychology is biased towards the standpoint of computational semantics. As analyzed in this paper, it is difficult to calculate the distance of semantic view as a mature philosophical theory. This paper stands on the viewpoint of computational form.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：N02
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本文编号：1898435