内蒙古地区棉革菌属真菌形态解剖特征研究及系统发育分析

发布时间：2018-05-19 13:42

本文选题：棉革菌 + 内蒙古　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：棉革菌(Tomentella)可以和针叶林和落叶阔叶林中的树木形成多种外生菌根,对森林生态系统具有重要的意义。尽管棉革菌分布特别广泛,但是由于其子实体具有平伏的特性所以特别容易被忽略。中国关于棉革菌子实体的研究更是十分匮乏。所以本研究对采自内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区、内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区、内蒙古黑里河国家级自然保护区、内蒙古白音敖包国家级自然保护区以及内蒙古大兴安岭生态定位站的子实体样本进行形态观察,并结合rDNA-ITS序列构建系统发育树,分析了我国内蒙古地区棉革菌属真菌的分类情况。本实验所得研究结果如下:1.通过对5个样地采集到的子实体样本进行宏观以及微观形态观察,以子实层和菌丝层的颜色和形态特征,subicular菌丝、subhymenial菌丝和根状菌索的颜色、大小和特征,囊状体、担子、孢子的颜色、形状、大小和特征以及孢子纹饰类型为依据初步划分为21种类型并对其进行详细描述。总结得出:内蒙古地区棉革菌子实体子实层和菌丝层颜色为黄棕色至黑棕色,子实层具2种表面特征。部分子实体具根状菌索,颜色为无色至黑色,具4种特征。Subicular菌丝颜色为无色至深棕色,包括4种特征。Subhymenial菌丝为无色至深棕,具3种特征。小部分子实体具囊状体,颜色为无色至深棕色,具2种形状。担子颜色为无色至深棕色,具2种形状,7种特征。孢子颜色为深黄色至深棕色,具4种形状,2种纹饰类型。2.基于子实体rDNA ITS序列分析,并用贝叶斯法构建系统发育树得出:21种子实体均属于棉革菌属,其中有8个与Genebank中的棉革菌序列形成独立分支且后验概率值大于0.95,结合形态对比得出其中2个为中国新纪录种,分别为Tomentella fibrosa和T.terrestri。其他样品中有可能包含棉革菌新种,由于中国目前可参考资料稀缺,所以有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:Tomentella) can form ectomycorrhizal with trees in coniferous forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest, which is of great significance to forest ecosystem. Although it is widely distributed, its fruiting body is easy to be ignored because of its flatness. The research on the fruiting body of cotton leather in China is very scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted from the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, the Saihanula National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, and the Heihe National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. Morphological observation was carried out on the fruiting body samples from Baiyinaobao National Nature Reserve and Daxing'anling Ecological Positioning Station, Inner Mongolia, and phylogenetic tree was constructed with rDNA-ITS sequence. The classification of cotton leatherback fungi in Inner Mongolia was analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The color, size and characteristics of subhymenial hyphae and rhizobia were observed by macroscopic and microscopic morphological observation of the fruiting body samples collected from 5 samples. The color, size and characteristics of subhymenial mycelium, bursa and basidia were obtained from the color and morphological characteristics of seed layer and hyphae layer. According to the color, shape, size and characteristics of spores and spore patterns, the spores were divided into 21 types and described in detail. The results showed that the fruiting layer and hyphae layer were yellowish brown to black brown and had two surface features. Some of the fruiting bodies have rhizobia with colorless to black color, with 4 characteristics. Subicular hyphal color is colorless to dark brown, including 4 characteristics. Subhymenial hyphal is colorless to dark brown, with 3 characteristics. A small number of fruiting bodies with cystic bodies, colorless to dark brown, with two shapes. The burden is colorless to dark brown, with 2 shapes and 7 features. The spore color is dark yellow to dark brown, with 4 shapes and 2 decorative types. Based on the rDNA ITS sequence analysis of fruiting entities, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by using Bayesian method. Eight of them formed independent branches with Genebank sequence and the posteriori probability value was greater than 0.95.These two species were new record species in China, Tomentella fibrosa and T. terrestriate, respectively. Other samples may contain new species of cotton leatherback, which need to be further studied because of the scarcity of reference materials in China.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：Q949.32

【参考文献】